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9种句子成分和5种基本句型教学目标：看到任意一句话能准确说出其句子成分；能够掌握英语中的5种基本句型。意义：学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。9种句子成分①主语②谓语③表语④宾语⑤定语⑥状语⑦补语⑧同位语⑨插入语ImetmybestfriendTomatthestation↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语①主语定义：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、名词化的形容词、动名词、句子或it做形式主语担任。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Whethertheywillcomeornotdependsontheweather.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Fourplusfouriseight.当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用it作形式主语？你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。•1.WeloveChina.•2.Sheseemstired.•3.HecanspeakEnglish•4.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.②谓语定义:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当.动词常分为实义动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词.动词实义动词系动词情态动词助动词（V.）1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）一词Heisateacher.2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stayHealwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。系动词3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词，主要有feel,smell,sound,tasteThisflowersmellsverysweet.5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,comeHebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.他的计划终于成功了。③表语定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示③表语定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示•Myfatherisaprofessor.•Who'sthat?It'sme.•Everythinghereisexpensive.•Thematchbecameveryexciting.•Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.•Threetimesfiveisfifteen.•Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.•Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.•Hishobbyisplayingfootball.•Timeisup.Theclassisover.④宾语定义：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.•Theysawanexhibition（展览）yesterday.•Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.•Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.）•Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.•Hepretendednottoseeme.•Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.•Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.•Theysawanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）•Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）•Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）•Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）•Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）•Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）•Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）⑤定语定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。•Guilinisabeautifulcity.•Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.•Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.•HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.•Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.•Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.•HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.•Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）•Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）•Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）•HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprise.（代词）•Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）•Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）•HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）⑥状语定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。•Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.•Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.•Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.•We'llsendacartofetchyou.•Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones•Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.•Ifhegoes,sowillI.•Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.⑦补语定义：补充说明宾语用的叫宾语补足语；补充说明主语用的叫主语补足语。宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语•Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.•Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.•Iwaselectedcaptainoftheteam.•Ourcountrywillbemadestrong.⑧同位语定义：对前面的名词或者代词做进一步的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或从句担任。⑴TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.⑵Thisismycousin,Helen.⑶Westudentsshouldstudyhard.⑷Weallarestudents.⑨插入语定义：对一句话作一些附加的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、或从句等担任。⑴Tobefrank,Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.⑵This,Ithink,isthebestwaytohelpthem.一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.2019/11/1031一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②Peopleallovertheworldspea