Arthur-Schopenhauer

Lifeisunfortunate,senselessandfullofpain.2019/11/10ArthurSchopenhauer(1788—1860)ArthurSchopenhaueraGermanphilosopher19thcenturyphilosophyvoluntarism&pessimismOftenconsideredtobeathoroughgoingpessimistLifeArthurSchopenhauerwasbornin1788inthecityofDanzig(Gdansk).In1814,SchopenhauerbeganhisseminalworkTheWorldasWillandRepresentation(DieWeltalsWilleundVorstellung).Hewouldfinishitin1818andpublishitthefollowingyear.HediedofheartfailureonSeptember21,1860,whilesittinginhisarmchairathome.Hewas72.InterestingEpisodeIn1820,SchopenhauerbecamealecturerattheUniversityofBerlin.hescheduledhislecturestocoincidewiththoseofthefamousphilosopherHegel,However,onlyfivestudentsturneduptohislectures,andhedroppedoutofacademia.SchopenhauerexpressedhisdislikeforthephilosophyofhiscontemporaryHegelmanytimesinhispublishedworks.InterestingEpisodeSchopenhauerpublishedTheWorldasWillandRepresentationin1818,whichlaidthefoundationofhisphilosophy.But10yearsafterthepublicationofthebook,mostofthemsoldaswastepaper.InterestingEpisodeDespitehiscontemporariesdonotappreciatehim,buthefirmlybelievesthefinalvictoryoftruth.Inhisview,Thetruthcanbewaited,asitexistedforalongtime.However,until1853,Schopenhauer'sphilosophyattractedtheattentionoftheworld.OriginofthoughtSchopenhauersaidhewasinfluencedbyKant,andPlato.ReferencestoEasternphilosophyandreligionappearfrequentlyinSchopenhauer‘swriting.Asnotedabove,heappreciatedtheteachingsoftheBuddhaandevencalledhimselfa“Buddhaist“(佛教徒).Thought----Philosophyofthewillmostinfluentialwork,《TheWorldasWillandRepresentation》,emphasizedtheroleofman'sbasicmotivation,whichSchopenhauercalledwill.Schopenhauer'sanalysisofwillledhimtotheconclusionthatemotional,physical,andsexualdesirescanneverbefulfilled.Consequently,Schopenhauerfavoredalifestyleofnegatinghumandesires,similartotheteachingsofBuddhism.ForSchopenhauer,humandesiring,willing,andcravingcausesufferingorpain.Thought----PhilosophyofthewillAtemporarywaytoescapethispainisthroughaestheticcontemplation.Thisisthenextbestway,shortofnotwillingatall,whichisthebestway.MusicwasalsogivenaspecialstatusinSchopenhauer'saesthetics.Thought----PhilosophyofthewillWisdom（one）Ordinarypeoplemerelythinkhowtheyshallspendtheirtime;amanoftalenttriestouseit.------ArthurSchopenhauerWisdom(two)Acertainamountofcareorpainortroubleisnecessaryforeverymanatalltimes.Ashipwithoutaballastisunstableandwillnotgostraight.------ArthurSchopenhauerMyThoughtsTomaintainapessimisticattitude,andtobeanoptimistThinkanddiscussAnyquestion?TheendThankyouforlistening.