中国文化英语教程Unit-4

Unit4TheTempleofHeaven:ReverencewithAweandGratitudeLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inWatchavideoclipofTheTempleofHeaven,andtrytotakedownsomewordsthatusedtodescribeit,.Answer:asliceofheaven,mysterious,interesting,stone-and-wood,wonderfulIntroductionCeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorHoldingNatureinAweHumanityandHeaveninCommunionTextstudyIntroduction•TheTempleofHeavenwasconstructedduringthereignofEmperorYongle(r.1403-1424)oftheMingDynasty(1368-1644),andcompletedin1420,aboutthesametimeastheForbiddenCity.•WhenEmperorYonglemovedthecapitalfromNanjingtoBeijingin1420,itwasattheTempleofHeaventhatheperformedtheimportantritualofpayingtributetoHeavenandEarth.EmperorYongleIntroduction•Nearly600yearslater,theTempleofHeavenstillstandsintactinthesouthofBeijing.•Itnotonlypresentsabeautifulspectacle,butalsorepresentstheChinesepursuitofharmonybetweenHeavenandmortals.IntroductionCeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperor•Theemperorusedtoofferoblations(祭献)toHeavenheretwiceayear,inthespringandwinter.•TheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests(祈年殿)wasthesiteofthespringrituals,wheretheemperorandtheministerswouldgatherfortheceremonysignifiedbythenameofthehall.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorCeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorNote:祈年殿是皇帝每年正月上辛日举行祈谷礼的地方，据说设计时以圆形平面象征天，以四龙井柱象征四季，以十二根金柱和檐柱分别象征十二月和十二时辰。•OntheWinterSolstice(冬至),theywouldmakeofferingsattheCircularMoundAltar(圜丘坛),toshowtheirgratitudeforthegreatcompassion(同情)ofHeaventowardthehumanworld.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperor圜丘坛全景Abird’s-eyeviewoftheCircularMoundAltarNote:圜丘坛为每年冬至日祭天处，为汉白玉石砌的三层露天圆坛，围绕着石雕栏杆。CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperor•Intimesofdroughtorflood,theemperorwouldcometheCircularMoundAltarwithcivilandmilitaryofficialstoprayforassistancefromHeaven.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperor•OnlytheemperorcouldprayattheTempleofHeaven.Ordinarypeoplewerenotallowedaccess.•YettheideaofshowingaweandrespecttoHeavenwasnotreservedfortheemperoralone,butwassharedbythepeopleaswell.•TheworshipofHeavenamongtheChinesedatesbacktoover3,000yearsago.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorTraditionalChineseviewonheaven•OurancestorsbelievedthatHeaven,alsoknownasthe“HeavenlyDeity(天神)”or“HeavenlyEmperor(天帝),wasthemysteriousforcethatdirectedallthingsonEarth,suchasnaturalharvestsandpersonalfate.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperor•NaturaldisastersonEarthwereregardedaswarningstopeopleforwrongdoingsofonekindoranother.Andcalamity(灾害)wastakenasthepunishmentfromHeaven.•InthesecondyearofthereignofEmperorGuangxu(r.1875-1908),theHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestswasburneddowninabigfire.•Theemperorlosthiscomposure(镇静)atthenewsandalltheministersturnedashen,believingthedisastertobeabadomen(预兆)fromHeaven.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperor•TotheancientChinese,however,Heavenwasmoreinclinedtowardloveandtolerance,punishingpeopleonlyoccasionally.Thus,ourforebearswerealwaysgratefultoHeaven.CeremonialOfferingsoftheEmperorHoldingNatureinAweThecolor•Whileblueisthethematiccolor,thethreemainstructuresoftheTempleofHeavenallstandontriple-terracedwhitefoundations.•Thecolorsusedinvokeastrongsenseofpurityandsublimity(祟高)—qualitiestheChineseattributetoHeaven.Thelayout•Carefulvisitorswillnoticethecentripetal(向心的)structuresofthetwomainbuildings:theCircularMoundAltarandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests.•ThistypeofarchitecturegivesoneasenseofreachinguptoHeavenwhileascendingthesteps.HoldingNatureinAweHumanityandHeaveninCommunion•AncientChinesebelievedthatpeoplecouldcommunicatewithHeaven,andtheTempleofHeavenwasbuilttoenablethis.•TheechoofsoundattheCircularMoundAltarandtheImperialVaultofHeaven(皇穹宇)areevidenceofwhatourforebearsbelievedtobecommunicatingwithHeaven.HumanityandHeaveninCommunion皇穹宇：祭天所用“皇天上帝”牌位平时即贮于此，是—座圆形单檐攒尖蓝琉璃瓦顶建筑，殿有八根内柱，上部挑出镏金斗拱，承圆形天花，宛如伞盖。•IfyoustandontheHeavenlyHeartStoneontheCircularMoundAltar,youcanhearyourvoicerisefromunderneathyourfeetandechobackfromthewallaroundtheAltar.Theresoundingecho,accordingtothedesigners,representsHeaven'sreplytowhateverthespeakerasksfor.HumanityandHeaveninCommunion•WhenyoustandinsidetheouterwalloftheImperialVaultofHeaven,andspeakintothewall,afriendatapointfartherawayalongthewallcanhearyourvoice;itresemblesmakingaphonecalltosomeone.HumanityandHeaveninCommunionEchowallHumanityandHeaveninCommunion•Thisphenomenon,duetothemuchshorterlengthofthesoundwavescomparedtotheradiusoftheroundwall,gaverisetothenicknameechowallfortheouterrimoftheVault.ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionl.SkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.___1)TheTempleofHeavenandtheForbiddenCitywerecompletedalmostatthesametime.___2)TheemperorusedtomakeofferingstoHeavenatthetempletwiceayear.___3)AncientChinesepeopleregardeddisastersaspunishmentfromHeaven.___4)Themaincolorofthebuildingsforthetempleisyellow.___5)YoucanreachuptoHeavenwhileascendingthestepsofthebuildings.___6)Accordingtothedesigners,theHeavenlyHeartStonecangiveHeaven'sreplytowhateverthemortalsaskfor.Comprehension1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.1)TheareaoftheTempleofHeaven