中国文化教程Unit-24

Unit24MartialArtsandCujuLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inTextstudyIntroductionMartialArtsoftheShaolinTempleFlowingShadowBoxingMartialArtsfromtheHeartCujuFlewHigherthanBirdsIntroduction•Traditionally,theChineselovesportsasanessentialmethodforkeepingfitaswellasforentertainment.•Peoplealsorelatesportstoanenhancedinsightintolife,suchaswithgo(围棋)andChinesechess.Introduction•Asacountrywithdiverseculturaltraditionspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanotheroveralonghistory,Chinahasdevelopedavarietyofsports,includingarchery,cuju(traditionalfootball),sumoandotherformsofwrestling,equestrianism(马术),martialarts,andacrobatics.•Amongthese,martialartsandacrobaticsmaybesaidtobethesuperbskillsofChina.MartialArtsoftheShaolinTempleDoyouknowwhoisthemaninthepicture?Whyishewell-knownintheworld?MartialArtsoftheShaolinTemple•Whenpeopletalkofthemartialarts,orkungfu,theymostimmediatelythinkofBruceLee[(1940-1973),andhisgreataccomplishmentsinboxing,swordplay,andskillwithknivesandsticks.•Withhissuperbkungfupopularizedthroughouttheworld,hebecametheembodimentofChinesemartialarts.Hisdazzlingthree-sectionstickskillsleftadeepimpressiononaudiences.•BruceLee'skungfuwasdeeplyrootedintraditionalChinesemartialarts.MartialArtsoftheShaolinTemple•InChinesemartialartscircles,ShaolinTempleenjoysgreatreputeforitsdistinctstyleofmartialarts--apreciousfeatureofChina'sculturallegacy.河南嵩山少林寺塔林TowersatShaolinTemple,locatedonSongshanMountaininHenanProvince,firstbuiltattheendofthefifthcenturyMartialArtsoftheShaolinTemple•Bodhidharma,aBuddhistmaster,camehereinthesixthcentury,andthroughmeditatingbyfacingawallfornineyearsdevelopedZenBuddhism(knownasChaninChina),hencemakingthetemplefamousthroughoutthecountry.LatergenerationsattributedtheinventionofShaolinmartialartstohim,sayingthatduetolongperiodsofsitting,hecreatedasetofmovementstoadjusttheinternalcirculationoftheqi,orchi,andrelaxthebodyandmind.MartialArtsoftheShaolinTemple•Shaolinmartialartshavedevelopedavarietyofformsoverthelongyears,hencetheattributionof72typesofShaolinmartialarts.MartialArtsoftheShaolinTemple•Shaolinchildren‘skungfu(少林童子功)isasuperbskillhighlycclaimedbymartialartspractitioners.includingmanymovementsandpostures,suchas“arhatsleeping”(罗汉睡觉),“childworshipingGuanyin”(童子拜观音),;’childworshipingBuddha“(童子拜佛).etc.MartialArtsoftheShaolinTemple“One-fingerZen”(一指禅)•ConsideredoneofthesecretsofShaolin.•Itissaidthatthekeytothismartialartliesininnerdiscipline,whichcondensesandfocusesallone'senergyandstrengthontoonefinger,sothatthepractitionerisabletostandupsidedownonthatsinglefinger,absolutelystill.MartialArtsoftheShaolinTemple“Arhatboxing”(罗汉拳)•oneofthemanytypesofboxingcreatedbytheShaolinTemple•developedintoseveralsetsofmovements,gainingfar-reachinginfluenceacrossthecountry.•exquisitelydesignedandeasyforattackanddefense;powerfulandunpredictable.•“thebestofthebest”inShaolinmartialarts.FlowingShadowBoxing•Asoneofthemainsportstohelppeoplestayfit,taijiquan,orshadowboxing(knowninternationallyastaichichuan)isverypopularwithChinesepeople.•Shadowboxingcanadjusttheneural,respiratory(呼吸),digestive,coronary(心脏的),brain,andcirculatorysystemsofthehumanbody,functioningasamethodfordiseaseprevention.“Taiji”(theSupremeUltimate)isaChinesephilosophicalterm.DoyouknowwhichbookattributestotheoriginoftheEightTrigrams(八卦)?WhohaswrittenthebookExplanationoftheTaijiDiagram(TaijiTushuo)(太极图说)?HowdoesheregardTaiji?TheBookofChanges(Yijing)attributestheoriginoftheEightTrigrams.ExplanationoftheTaijiDiagram(TaijiTushuo),writtenbyNorthernSongphilosopherZhouDunyi,regardstaijiasthesourceofallthingsonEarth.FlowingShadowBoxingThetaijiiscircularinshape,includingtheyinandtheyang,andshadowboxingwascreatedexactlyonthebasisofthistheory.FlowingShadowBoxingcharacteristicsofshadowboxing•Beingcircularisoneoftheimportantcharacteristicsofshadowboxing.•HeavenandEarthhaveenergycirculatingaroundthem,whileinsideahumanbodycirculatesthevitalityoflife.Shadowboxingdrawsthecircleoflifethroughmoving,jumping,dodging,unfolding,etc.,soastoturnexteriorcirclesofenergyintointeriorcirclesofenergy.FlowingShadowBoxing•Anothercharacteristicofshadowboxingisitspursuitofflowingrhythmamidstthechangesofyinandyang,whichaccordswiththetaijiphilosophythatyinandyanginterchange,infuseandchange.•Onthisbasis,shadowboxingemphasizestheinfusionofthehardandthesoft,andexpressestheconstantchangesoftheuniversethroughgentleandflexible,andevenandslowmovements.Ingeneral,shadowboxingdisplaysthebeautyofsoaringcloudsandflowingwaters.FlowingShadowBoxingInthecourseofitsdevelopment,shadowboxinghasincorporatedthetheoryofmainandcollateralchannels(经络学说)intraditionalChinesemedicine,alongwiththeideaofguidanceadvocatedbyTaoism.FlowingShadowBoxingWhypeopleprefertopracticeitintheearlymorning?Shadowboxingisacombinationoftheinteriorandtheexterior,andpeoplepracticeittoimprovephysicalhealthandtoachieveevennessinbreathingandcalmnessinmind.Whenpracticingshadowboxing,oneneedstopayparticularattentiontobreathingairoutthroughthemouthwhenmakingoutwardmovementsandinhaling(吸入)freshairthroughthenosewhenmakinginwardmovem