中国文化英语教程Unit-20

Unit20UrbanCustomsinARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentGuesswhatthesepeoplearelookingat?Lead-inThe3DanimatedversionofARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalatShanghaiExpo2010ARiversideSceneatQingmingFestival•《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，为北宋风俗画。•在五米多长的画卷里，共绘了五百五十多个各色人物，牛、骡、驴等牲畜五、六十匹，车、轿二十多辆，大小船只二十多艘。房屋、桥梁、城楼等各有特色。它不仅仅是现实主义绘画艺术珍品也为我们提供了北宋大都市的商业、手工业、民俗、建筑、交通工具等详实形象的第一手资料。具有很高的历史价值和艺术价值。Lead-inForfun:中国十大传世名画东晋顾恺之《洛神赋图》唐代阎立本《步辇图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画唐代张萱、周昉《唐宫仕女图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画唐代韩滉《五牛图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：五代顾闳中《韩熙载夜宴图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：北宋王希孟《千里江山图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：北宋张择端《清明上河图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画元代黄公望《富春山居图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：明代仇英《汉宫春晓图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：清代郎世宁《百骏图》Forfun:中国十大传世名画局部：IntroductionAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverUrbancivilizationoftheNorthernSongDynastyTextstudyARiversideSceneatQingmingFestivalApainting,createdbythecourtartistZhangZeduan,depictsthehustleandbustlealongthebanksoftheBianheRiverduringtheQingmingFestivalattheendoftheNorthernSongDynasty.ZhangZeduan,afamouspainterinNorthernSongDynastyIntroductionQingmingFestival(清明节)•the4thsolartermoftheChinese24solarterms.ItmayfallonanydayintheperiodApril4-April6.•alsoknownastheTombSweepingFestival,forworshipingancestors.•anothername:TaQingFestival.•OriginatedfromCoolDishFestival(寒食节)asthedatesareveryclose.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThe24solarterms(24节气)•Itobjectivelyreflectsthechangesinclimate,rainfall,andphenology(物候现象)overthecourseofayear.ThereforeancientChinesearrangeagriculturalactivitiesaccordingtosolarterms.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiver《二十四节气歌》春雨惊春清谷天，夏满芒夏暑相连，秋处露秋寒霜降，冬雪雪冬小大寒。立春花开雨水来淋惊蛰春雷蛙叫春分清明[犁田]谷雨春茶立夏耕田小满灌水芒种看果夏至看禾小暑谷熟大暑忙收立秋之前种完[番豆]处暑[拭田]白露[匀田]秋分看禾寒露前结霜降一冷立冬[打禾]小大雪闲等过冬年小寒一年大寒团圆AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThepaintingstartsfromtherightwithadepictionofspringintheoutskirtsofthecityofBianliang:brooks(溪)gurgling(潺潺地流)inthewilderness,withcottagestuckedawayamongtreesandroadscrisscrossingintothefardistance.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverSceneintheoutskirt,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestivalOldtreesgreetthebreeze.theirbranchesandtwigsalreadytinged(清淡地染色)withlightgreen.Inthedistanceareboundlessfieldsenvelopedinhazymist.Suddenly,agroupofpeopleappear,leadingseveraldonkeys,ontheirwaytothecity.Totheleft,therearelinesoftravelers,whoareeitherontheirwaytogravestomakeofferingsoraresightseersjustbackfromthecity.Donkeysandhorsesareseenneighing(嘶鸣),andpeopletalkingandlaughing.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverAsthescrollunrolls,wecometothesecondsectionofdetailedfeatures.TheBianheRiverbeginstocomeintoview.Itisariverconnectingsouthandnorth,onwhichboatsbusilycomeandgo,effectivelyreflectingtheprosperityofthetime.Atthestart,thereareonlyacoupleofboatsmoored(停泊)alongthebank,butastheriverflowsleftward,itbecomeswider,thewaterbecomesswifter,andmanyboatsareseensailingquicklyinbothdirections.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThescrollunveilsfurthertothemainsceneinthesecondsection,andalsothefocalpointofthewholepainting.ThisdepictsasceneinthecenterofBianliang—theRainbowBridgearea.SceneattheRainbowBridge,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestivalAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverAmagnificent-lookingwoodenbridgearchesovertheBianheRiver,withpeoplecomingandgoing:merchants,travelersandsightseers.Manyareholdingontotherailingsofthebridge,lookingdownattheriver.Somearemakinganimatedgestures,appearingtobespeaking,orshoutinginsurprise,whileothersappearastounded(震惊)infright.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiver•Underneath,abigboatistryingtopassunderthebridge,itsbow(船头)lowerthanitsstem(船尾).Onthebowstandsaman,franticallywavinghisarms,hismouthwideopenasifgivingorders;someoneistryingtocorrectthedirectionoftheboatbyproppinghispoleagainstthebaseofthebridge;someboatmenaretryinghardtoworkontheoars,whileothersstandingontheawning(雨篷)quicklybringdownthesail.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverTheboatisgoingforward,leavingwhirlsinitswake(船迹).Atthatcriticalmomentastheboathasyettopass,peopleonandunderthebridgeareallintenselyabsorbedinthissingularevent,withtherapid,whirlingcurrentsaddingfurthertensiontothesceneofonlookersandboatmen.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThethirdsectionofthepaintingfeaturesstreetscenes.Sceneoutsidethecitygate,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestivalAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverSceneinfrontofthecitygate,inARiversideSceneofQingmingFestivalAHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverTheBianheRivermakesabendhereandflowstowardtheeast.Alongthebanks,awideroadleadstothehighcitygate,atthefootofwhichpeopleareeitherresting,talkingorsimplylookingaround.Camelsarepassingthecitygate,withonlytheirheadsseenoutofthegate—allpresentingabusyroadscene.PastthecitygateisBianliang,acityofcrisscrossingstreets,withshops,teahouses,taverns(客栈),goclubs,martialartsarenas,temples,andeverythingimaginable,liningbothsidesofthestreets.AHorizontalScrolloftheSceneryalongtheBianheRiverThereisheavytrafficonthestreets:cartscomingand