中国文化英语教程U18-PPT

Unit18PekingOpera:ArtistryofPerformersLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-inPekingOperaMask2.1Introduction2.2TheDelightsofPekingOperaMasks2.3PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFight2.4TheBeautyofa“VirtualWorld”Textstudy2.5“WatchingaPlayIsWatchingFamousActors”2.6MeiLanfang,GreatPekingOperaArtistIntroduction•ManyforeignfriendsfirstlearnaboutChineseculturethroughthenumerousChineserestaurantsfoundallovertheworld,andsoondiscernthatChinaisacountrywithdeliciouscuisine(菜肴).•ThesecondimpressionofChinesecultureisoftenPekingOpera,whosemasksarenowalmostemblematic(标志性的)ofChina.ManycountriesdesignpostersusingPekingOperamaskstosignala“YearofChineseCulture”.TounderstandChineseculture,therefore,someknowledgeaboutPekingOperaisindeedindispensable.IntroductionTheDelightsofPekingOperaMasks•China’sPekingOperaradiateswiththebeautyofresplendent(华丽的)color-vivid,intenseandglamorous.Thisartisticbeautycomesnotonlyfromthecostumesbutalsofromthemasksofexaggerated,dazzlingdesigns,gleamingwithreds,purples,whites,yellows,blacks,blues,greens,everydiversecolorimaginable.•Masks,appliedtothetworolesofthe“jing”or“painted-facerole”andthe“chou”or“clown”,servetwopurposes.Oneistoindicatetheidentityandcharacteroftherole.Theotherpurposeistoexpresspeople’sappraisaloftherolesfromamoralandaestheticpointofview,suchasrespectable,hateful,noble,orridiculous,etc.TheDelightsofPekingOperaMasksJingChouTheDelightsofPekingOperaMasksA“redface”meansthepersonisloyalandbrave.A“blackface”signifiesthepersonisstraightforward.A“whiteface”identifiesthepersonascraftyandevil.Whatdothesecolorfulmasksmean?•PekingOperamasks—anartofbeautifulcolorsanddesignsforaestheticappreciation.•TheintriguingbeautyofthecoloranddesignofPekingOperamasksaddstotheattractivespectacleonstage.TheDelightsofPekingOperaMasks•ManyChinesefolkhandicrafts(e.g.,kites,doughandclayfigurines,carpets,tapestries),posters,advertisements,andfashionsadoptPekingOperamasksasasourceelementintheirdesigns.TheDelightsofPekingOperaMasks•ToChinesepeople,goingtothetheatertoenjoyPekingOperaorotherartisticperformancesisknownas“seeingplays”.•Whatisa“play”intheChinesecontext?•InPekingOpera,“aplay”isnotsomuchthestoryorplotbutaworldofimagescreatedonstage,awonderfularenaofharmonybetweensentimentsandsettings.PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFightPekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFightHowdoyouunderstandMeiLanfang’sremarkthatthefeatureoftheartofPekingOperais“actorsbeingatthecenter”?The“play”or“worldofimages”createdbyPekingOperanaturallyreliesontheplotprovidedbythescript,andmoreimportantlyontheperformanceoftheactors.However,toforma“worldofimages”inPekingOpera,theplotofastoryprovidesonlytheframeworkandbackground,whilethecharmisproducedbytheactors’performances.PekingOperaactorsarethecrux(关键)increatingaworldofimagesonstage.WhatarethefourbasicaspectsoftheperformanceofaPekingOperaactor?PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFightTheperformanceofaPekingOperaactorcanbesummarizedintofourbasicaspects,ofsinging,speaking,acting,andfighting,thecoreofwhichisacombinationofsongandchoreography.Singing•ItisofutmostimportanceintheperformanceofPekingOpera,becausefirstofall,PekingOperaisasingingart.AnyfamousPekingOperaboastsseveralwonderfularias(曲调)thatarewell-knownandpopularwithaudiences.•ThecharmofthemelodiesusuallyembodiesthesublimerealmoftheartofPekingOpera.UnabletoappreciatethemagicofPekingOperaarias,onewouldfailtoenjoytheprofoundbeautyoftheartitself.PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFightSpeaking•Itreferstocharactermonologsanddialogs,whichservetopropelthedevelopmentofthestory.Speaking,likesinging,needstobeexecutedinanappealingway.PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFightActing•Itincludesbodymovementsandeyemovements,solodancingorgroupdancing,etc.Mostofthedancingischoreographedmovementsfromeverydaylife.Fighting•Itischoreographedmartialartsandacrobatics(杂技)todepictfightorbattlescenes.PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFight•Actingandfightingmeanthatactorsemployphysicalmovementstoexpresstheemotionsofthecharactersandthecircumstances.•AstheartofPekingOperadependsonmovementtodepictevents,actorsaregivenmuchroomtoperformonthestage.PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFightPekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFight•Inthissense,theworldofimagerycreatedinPekingOperamainlyreliesonthesinging,speaking,acting,andfightingofactors,especiallyintheperformanceofthefamousplays.ThisisthebiggestdifferencebetweenPekingOperaandotherformsofperformingartsintermsofaestheticappreciation.Andtheremark—“PekingOperaistheartofperformers”—welldescribesitsquintessence(精髓)．PekingOperaPerformance:Sing,Speak,Act,andFight•Depictinga“virtualworld”isadistinctivefeatureofPekingOpera.TheBeautyofa“VirtualWorld”Whatdoesitsvirtualityconsistof?Itsvirtualityconsistsoftwoaspects:oneisvirtualmovements,andtheothervirtualsettings.•Virtualmovementreferstoimitatingactionsonstage.Forexample,ridingahorse.Onstage,anactorcannotridearealhorse,butcanonlyholdawhipandimitatethemovementofgallopingbywalkingaroundthestage,turningthebody,wieldingthewhip,andpullin