FPGA控制的交通灯课程设计

I山东理工大学毕业设计（论文）题目：学院：专业：学生姓名：指导教师：毕业设计（论文）时间：二ОО六年月日～月日共周II摘要设计一个十字路口两道路的交通灯控制器，两道路交替通行，每次通行时间可设定20秒。该十字路口交通灯控制电路能使南北、东西各四个灯（红、黄、绿、左转），四个灯能够按顺序依次亮灭。而且要求绿灯亮转红灯亮或者转左转灯亮之前要先转黄灯亮5秒，左转灯亮转红灯亮之前也要先转黄灯亮5秒，红灯亮可以直接转绿灯或左转灯亮，四种灯的点亮时间能够以倒计时的形式显示出来。关键词：交通灯左转倒计时IIIAbstractElectronicexcitedstateisoneofthecommonformsinwhichatoms,moleculesandionsexistinthenature.Studyonthecharactersanddynamicsbehaviorsofthemolecularexcitedstates,suchasenergylevels,lifetimes,predissociationandauto-ionization,aswellasontheirelectronicstructures,isnotonlyasignificanttopicrelatedtochemicalreactionsandchemicaldynamics,butalsooneofthefrontiersinthefieldofatomicandmolecularphysics.Inpresentdissertation,experimentalstudiesofthepredissociatedRydbergstatesofCaClbyusingtheresonanceenhancedmultiphotonionization(REMPI)andion-dipdetectionspectroscopywerecarriedout.Fivecore-penetratingRydbergstatesofCaClintheintermediateeffectiveprinciplequantumnumberregion,n*=5~7,wereobservedforthefirsttime.TheoreticalanalysisconfirmedthepredissociationmechanismwhichsupposedtheseRydbergstateswereledbyaninteractionwitha2+continuumstate.Apotentialenergycurveofthis2+continuumstateintheenergyregionof45000~47500cm-1wasfittedbasedontheobservedpredissociationlinewidths.SomeRydberglevelswithanomalouslysmallrotationalconstantswerealsoobserved.Theymightbethefragmentsofthecore-nonpenetratingRydbergstates.Alltheseresultsproviderichinformationforunderstandingthemechanismofdissociationofmoleculeswithhighlypolarcoreandsomecorrelativedynamicalprocesses.Systematicalinvestigationonthehigh-lyingtripletgeradestatesofNa2byusingtheperturbationfacilitatedoptical-opticaldoubleresonance(PFOODR)methodisalsomade.AdoublyexcitedvalencestateofNa2,13g-state,whichconsistsintheunique3g-stateaswellastheuniquepureIVtwo-electronexcitationstatebelowtheionizationthreshold,wasfirstobservedandcharacterized.Anumberofv=0~57vibrationlevelsweredeterminedandassigned.Thelevelscovermorethan99%ofthepotentialwelldepthofthestate.Noevidentautoionizationwasfoundrelatedtothelevelsbelongingtothe13g-stateabovetheionizationthreshold,implyingthedistinctcharacterofthedoublyexcitedvalencestatefromtheRydbergstates.Theobservationofthisstateisofgreatimportanceforexpoundinghomo-diatomicmolecularstructureinquantumchemistry.目录摘要........................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。1FPGA/CPLD概述................................................................................................................12系统分析与总体方案..........................................................................................................32.1系统分析........................................................................................................................32.2设计的总体方案...........................................................................................................43硬件电路设计......................................................................................................................53.1分频器设计....................................................................................................................53.2状态控制电路设计.......................................................................................................53.3计数器设计....................................................................................................................63.4译码显示电路设计........................................................................................................64实验程序设计......................................................................................................................74.1实体定义........................................................................................................................74.2译码显示........................................................................................................................84.3状态转换........................................................................................................................94.4显示器片选：..............................................................................................................125程序仿真与分析................................................................................................................125.1仿真结果.....................................................................................................................125.2仿真结果分析.............................................................................................................136元器件清单........................................................................................................................147心得体会............................................................................................................................15参考文献................................................................................................................................18附录........................................................................................................................................1911FPGA/CPLD概述随着世