纵览中国文化英文版-文档资料36页

ExploretheChineseCultureOverviewChina,anancient,mysteriousandbeautifulland,isproudofher1.3billionpeople,fivethousandyears’history,resplendentcultureanddistinctivecustoms.Chinese'fourgreatinventions'(paper,gunpowder,printingandthecompass)arehergreatestgiftstotheworld.Chineseartsandcrafts,includingpainting,calligraphy,operas,embroideryandsilkaredistinctiveandunique.ChineseMartialarts,whichhaveonlyrecentlybeguntoenjoypopularityacrosstheworld,havebeenpartofChinesecultureforcenturies,Chinesecuisinehasbeenexportedtoeverycorneroftheglobe.ContentsModernChinesecultureBusinessculture&etiquetteTraditionalChineseCultureTraditionalChineseCulture信息平台业务流程设计原则TraditionalFestivalChineseFolkArtsChineseArchitectureChineseCuisineTraditionalChineseCultureReligion&PhilosophyTraditionalChinesecultureTraditionalFestivalReligion&PhilosophyChineseCuisineChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArtsSpringFestivalTherearemanytraditionalfestivalsinChina,suchasSpringFestival,LanternFestival,DragonBoatFestival,Mid-AutumnFestival.ButSpringFestival,alsoknownasChinesenewyear,isthemostimportantinourculture,justasimportantasChristmasDayinwesternculture.TraditionalFestivalSpringFestivalTheoriginofSpringFestival—”Nian”,lunaryear.15-daycelebration—reunionandthanksgivingNewYear'sEveDinnerFireworksDuiLianTraditionalFestivalChineseDumpling--themostimportantfoodsinChineseNewYearFireworksareusedtoscarethebeast“Nian”andtogetridofillluckReflectthebestwishestotheupcomingyearTraditionalChineseCultureChineseFolkArtsTraditionalFestivalReligion&PhilosophyChineseCuisineChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArts业务流程ChinesefolkartsTraditionalFestivalMartialArtsBeijingOperaTwospecialartsBeijingOperaBeijingoperaisthemostinfluentialoperainChinaandhasahistoryofaround200years.Itsynthesizestheartsofsinging,dancing,recitation,martialarts,andinstrumentalmusic.Symbolismdominatesthemotionsandstagedesigns.BeijingOperaTherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:ShengDanJingChouThefacialpaintingisworthappreciatingforitsartisticvalueMartialArts(Wushu)AnyonewhohasseenclassicalChineseKungFumovieswillbedeeplyimpressedbytheChineseWushu,whichiscalledKungFuorChinesemartialartsinthewest.DoyouknowBruceLee,JetLiorJackieChan?MartialArts(Wushu)WushuisanimportantanduniquecomponentofChineseculturalheritagewithcenturiesofculturalhistoryattached.WushunotonlyincludesphysicalexercisebutalsoChinesephilosophy,meditationandaesthetics.TraditionalChineseCultureChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArtsTraditionalFestivalReligion&PhilosophyChineseCuisineChineseArchitecture业务流程ArchitectureAChinesestructureisbasedontheprincipleofbalanceandsymmetry.Officebuildings,residences,temples,andpalacesallfollowtheprinciplethatthemainstructureistheaxis.Thesecondarystructuresarepositionedastwowingsoneithersidetoformthemainroomandyard.ThedistributionofinteriorspacereflectsChinesesocialandethnicalvalues.TheForbiddenCityTheGreatWallTheGreatWallofChinawasbuiltmainlytoprotecttheChineseEmpirefrominvadersfromtheMongolians.Thishugewallstretchesover1,500milesandextendsfromKansuinthewesttotheYellowseaintheeast.TraditionalChineseCultureChineseCuisineChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArtsTraditionalFestivalReligion&PhilosophyChineseEightRegionalCuisines业务流程ChineseCuisineChinesecuisineincludesavarietyofdifferentflavorsduetoChina'svastgeographyanddiversenationalities.Localdisheswiththeirowndistinctivenesscanberoughlydividedintoeightregionalcuisines.HunanFujianJiangsuSichuanZhejiangGuangdongShandongAnhuiBeijingRoastDuckBeijingRoastduckisthoughttobeoneofthemostdeliciousdishesallovertheworld;mostvisitorscomingtoBeijingwillneverforgettohaveatry.First,thechefwillshowyouthewholeduck.Then,hewillsliceitintoaboutonehundredandtwentypieceswithbothskinandmeatforeach.Usuallytheduckisservedtogetherwithspecialpancakes,hollowedsesamebun,greenonionsandsweetsauce.Dinnerscanwrapduckslices,onion,andsauceinapancakeorasesamebunwiththeirbarehands.Sometimespeoplewouldliketoputinmashedgarlicandcucumberorcarrotstripsaswell.TraditionalChineseCultureReligion&PhilosophyChineseCuisineChineseArchitectureChineseFolkArtsTraditionalFestivalChineseReligionandPhilosophyThethreemainChinesereligionsareBuddhismTaoismConfucianismThesethreemainreligionshaveinteractedwithoneanotherthroughoutthetwothousandsyearsofChinesehistory.Religion&PhilosophyBuddhismBuddhismwasfirstintroducedfromIndiaasearlyas166AD.ItgainedthesupportoftheimperialcourtandsincethenithasbeendominatingChinaformanycenturies.TaoismTaoismistheChinesereligionwhichbelievesinghostsandspirits.ItoriginatedfromaChineseschoolofphilosophywhichemphasizedcooperationwiththenaturalforces.ConfucianismConfucianismwasoriginallythephilosophyofConfuciuswhostressedthemaintenanceofastablesystemofinter-personalrelationshipsatdifferentlevelsofsociety.TheAnalectsConfucianismTheConfuciantraditionhasalonghistoricallegacyinEastAsiaextendingfromChinaacrossKoreaandJapanandintoVietnam.Despitetheenormoushistoricalvariations,culturalparticularities,andnationaldifferencesintheregion,therearecertaincentralideasandvalueswhichhavespreadacrossth