词语在语境中的翻译

Translationofwordsinthecontext陈小仙•甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。•乙：你这人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？•甲：哎，只是意思意思。•乙：啊，真是不好意思。•（郭建中：“实用性文章的翻译（上）”《上海科技翻译》2001年3期）请试着翻译以下短对话。你觉得难点在哪里？为什么难？•甲：这一点小意思，请务必收下。•乙：你这人真是有意思，怎么也来这一套？•甲：哎，只是意思意思。•乙：啊，真是不好意思。•（郭建中：“实用性文章的翻译（上）”《上海科技翻译》2001年3期）•Thisisalittlegiftasatokenofmyappreciation.Pleasedotakeit.•Oh,aren’tyouabittoopolite?Youshouldn’tdothat.•Well,itjustconveysmygratitude.•Ah.Thankyouthen,thoughIreallydon’tdeserveitHowtotranslate“意思”?•Teachingobjective:•Tolearntotranslatewordswiththehelpofcontext•Linguisticcontext•CulturalcontextTeachingFocus•LinguisticContext•What?•语言语境就是上下文，是指词语，短语，语段或篇章的前后关系。•Whyisitimportant?•1.helpstopindownexactmeaningofwordsinST;•2.helpstoachievethecorrespondenceinTT,•3.helpstoavoidambiguity;•4.associativemeaningisclarifiedinthecontext•Famousquotes:•Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword(Firth)•Youshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps(Firth)•词汇一词多义性。有些时候，字典不一定收录词的某一意思，更不会给出符合语境的对等译文,要根据语境做出推测。Exercise1订•1.你要订哪种杂志？•2.这本书我们没有货，但是可以帮你订。•3.你能帮我把这本讲义订起来吗？Exactmeaninginthecontext:1.订阅杂志2.订购3.装订Translation:1.Whichjournal(s)doyousubscribeto?2.Wedon’thavethebookinstockbutwecanordeit.3.Wouldyoupleasebind/staplethishandoutforme?Exercise2Comparethefollowingtwoversionsanddecidewhichoneisbetter•1.这是民国六年的冬天，大风刮得正猛，我因为生机关系，不得不一早在路上走。•A.it’sthewinterof1917.thewindwasblowinghard,butIhadtowalkinthestreettomakealiving.•B.Ithappenedduringthewinterof1917.abitternorthwindwasblowingbut,tomakealiving,Ihadtobeupandoutearly.Bisbetter.Thecontexttellsusthestressshouldbeputon早，ratherthan走。Bisbetter.Associativemeaningof不得不一早在路上走isbetterrenderedinB.Exercise3请选择最合适的表达来翻译各句中的“心”1.心有余而力不足one’sabilityfallsshortofone’s______.2.您的建议我会永远铭记在心。Iwillalwaysbearyouradvicein_____.3.如果你忘了她的生日我会很伤心的。You’llhurther_____ifyouforgetherbirthday.4.居心叵测tonurseevil______5.得人心着得天下Thosewhogain_____amongthepeoplewillgainthepower.6.劳心者治人，劳力者治于人Thosewhoworkwith_____ruleandthosewhoworkwiththeirbrawnareruled.7.哀莫大于心死Thegreatestdespaircomesfromadevastated_________.Heartmindbrainintentionwishpopularityfeeling(7choices)abilitymindfeelingsintentionpopularitybrainheart•Questionforthought:•Lookupthecharacter“心“onalltheC-Edictionariesathandandseehowmanycorrespondenceinyourdictionary?•Whatdoyouknowabouttheuseofdictionary?LessorfarlessthanthecorrespondencesprovidedinourexerciseDictionaryisuseful,helpful;Thecorrespondenceinthedictionaryhavelittleorlimitedcontext;cannotbereadilyappliedeverywhere;•Culturalcontext•What?•非语言语境，即文化语境，指的是那些对语义有着制约作用的，语言之外的因素，包括使用语言的具体情境（话题，时间，地点，场合，对象），话语使用者的主观因素（心理，情感，意图）和宏观的社会背景（时代，接济，文化，经济）等多种因素。•Why?•目标语的读者和原语的读者在两种文化体制，两种时代背景下阅读文本。Comfortableclothes;healthylifestyleintheeyesofwesternreadersExercise1布衣蔬食a.wearclothesofcottonandeatvegetables.b.wearcoarseclothesandeatsimplefoodPleasedecidewhichoneisbetterforreadersintheEnglish-languageCulture?Bisbetter.Technique:generalization•母亲自己也处过不少的逆境。在大家庭里做媳妇,这苦处是不难想到的。但是母亲从不曾在我眼前淌过泪,或者说过什么悲伤的话。•译文一：Motherherselfhasexperiencednolackofadversities.Tobeadaughter-in-lawinabigfamily,thebitternesswasnothardtoimagine.Butmotherhadnevershedtearsorsaidsomethingsorrowful.译文二：Itwasnaturalforapersonlikeher,withherpersonalsufferingsasaninsignificantdaughter-in-lawinabigfeudalisticfamily.Quiteimaginablethatshehadhadbitterexperience,yetneveroncedidIseehershedtearsnorhearherexpressgrief.(amplification)Exercise2:Trytomakeversion1easiertobeunderstoodbyaddingsomeculturalelements?信息完整正确地翻译了。中文语境下的读者非常清楚了。英语语境下的读者呢？•Languageshouldbeconsideredapartofcultureandunderstoodinitscontext.Translatormustbegivingoverthetopstresstounderstandthecontextsoastoproduceagoodcontextualizedtranslation.Summary•有一天，她又对我像小朋友似的唠唠叨叨，我实在忍无可忍了，就叫了一声：“住嘴！”然后就凑上前去，压低声音，①恶狠狠地说：“亲爱的，我②真想揍你一顿，打得你③屁股蛋子一半红一半青，你就知道一个男子汉和一个小男孩到底有什么区别了。”听了这话，妻子的表情了：惊讶、害怕、羞涩、娇恬，复杂透转而又笑得死去活来。她的笑，把我也给逗乐了。男子汉的风范还是得不到充分的表现。TextTranslation:Pleasereadtheunderlinedsentencesinthetextandcorrectthemistakesintheversionsattached.•①凑上前去，压低声音，恶狠狠地说：•comeforward,andsaidsavagelyinthedownvoiceCorrection①Correction:leanverycloseandthreatenedherinaloweredvoice上下文语境：丈夫恼怒发火，想以此展现硬汉形象，让妻子不再以小孩般的语气对他讲话。Savagely是字典的词义也是许多同学选词，但不符合语言语境。•②真想揍你一顿•IreallywanttobeatyouCorrection②Correction:IreallywanttospankyouI’vehalfamindtospankyou从上下文语境中知道，打的是屁股。所以用spank.英语中打，咬的部分不同，选词就不一定相同。•③屁股蛋子一半红一半青•lettingyourbottomhalfredandhalfgreen,Correction:Untilyourcheeks/buttocksturnblackandblueCorrection③文化语境颜色词，叠词，谚语等都包含了丰富的文化因素。•Homework•translatethetext.Pleasepayattentiontocontext.•有一天，她又对我像小朋友似的唠唠叨叨，我实在忍无可忍了，就叫了一声：“住嘴！”然后就凑上前去，压低声音，恶狠狠地说：“亲爱的，我真想揍你一顿，打得你屁股蛋子一半红一半青，你就知道一个男子汉和一个小男孩到底有什么区别了。”听了这话，妻子的表情了：惊讶、害怕、羞涩、娇恬，复杂透转而又笑得死去活来。她的笑，把我也给逗乐了。男子汉的风范还是得不到充分的表现。Sendyourversionto:[e-mail]