名词性从句完美讲义

1名词性从句完美讲义第一节相关概念一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。二、引导词：1.连词:that,if,whether,asif2.连接代词:who,what,which,whose,whom以及whoever,whatever,whichever等3.连接副词:when,where,why,how，whenever,wherever,however等三、各类名词性从句的特征：主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句练习：辨别下列名词性从句的类别。1.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.2.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.3.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.4.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.5.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinU.S.6.ItisimpossiblethatIgoandattendthemeeting.第二节主语从句1．定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。2．连接词：引导主语从句的连接词有三类：连词that、whether;疑问代词who,what,which，whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;疑问副词when,where,how,why，however,whenever,wherever等⑴连词that（无词意）,whether(是否),在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句，而if不能。Thatyoudon’tlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.WhetherJohnwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.a.Thatthewoundedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder.→Itisawonderthatthewoundedsoldierisstillalive.常见的句型有：①Itis/was+形容词+that从句It’sunlikelythat…不可能It’sstrangethat…奇怪的是……②Itis/was+名词+that从句It’sapitythat…遗憾的是……It’safactthat…事实是……③It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat…似乎……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……Itappearsthat…看来……Itturnsoutthat…结果……④Itis/was+过去分词+that从句It’snotknownthat………不得而知It’ssaidthat…据说……⑤其他Itdoesn’tmatter+that/wh-Clause…是无关紧要的Itmakesnodifference+that/wh-Clause…毫无区别……2⑵疑问代词who,what,which,在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Whosedictionaryhasnotbeenfoundisstillunknown.Whoeverwantsthisbookmaytakeit.⑶疑问副词when,where,how,why，whenever,however,wherever等在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语如：Whentheywillstarthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.第三节表语从句1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2．引导表语从句的连接词种类：(1)连词that，whether（无if）that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。(2)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why,wherever,whenever,however。如：Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。（3）由连词because，asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了。That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事。第四节宾语从句1．定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2．引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that。如：Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)(2)从属连词if/whether。如：Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。3Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.我不知道你能否帮助我。if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和ornot连用，if一般不与ornot连用。如：Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我不知它是真是假。用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较：Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。Whoorwhathewas,Martinneverlearned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。Iwonderwhathe’swritingtomeabout.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。4．宾语从句包括动词宾语从句，介词宾语从句及形容词宾语从句。（1）介词宾语从句如：Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。（2）动词宾语从句注意：a.在demand,order,desire,request,commandinsist,suggest,advise,等表愿望，命令等时，用虚拟语气。宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。如：a)Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.b.动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如：advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略)（3）形容词或过去分词后接宾语从句IamnotcertainwhetherIhavemethimbefore.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。注意：that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content,proud等。第五节同位语从句1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2．用法：①同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：Ihavenoideawhetherhe’llcomeornot.我不知道他是否来。②连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。高考趋势与重点4名词性从句在历年地高考中几乎都有所涉及，并且每年地命题各有变化。近年来地高考试题更侧重于在一定地语言环境下考查熟练使用英语语序和关联词地能力。因此，在平时地备考复习中我们除了牢固掌握基础知识外，还要多注意一定语境下基础知识地运用。一、It在名词性从句中得用法：1.Itistimethat…(虚拟语气)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m2.Itisthefirsttimethat…（现在完成时）3.Itisnecessary(important)that…shoulddo…(虚拟语气)4.Itislikely(possible,obvious,clear,natural,certain,…)that…5.Itisapity(afact,goodnews,nowonder,anhonour,ashame,commonsense,acommonpractice…)that…6.Itturnedoutthat…;Ithappenedthat…;Itoccurredtosb.that…;7.Itissaid(reported,believed,estimated,announced,expected…)that…;8.Itissuggested(required,ordered)that…(虚拟语气)…二、What与that在名词性从句中用法比较：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mThatTomfelloffhischairbyaccidentgottheclassmateslaughing.WhatTomlearnedinuniver