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1.GeoffreyChaucer(thefounderofEnglishpoetry)GeoffreyChaucerwasanEnglishauthor,poet,andphilosopher.HeisbestrememberedforhisunfinishedframenarrativeTheCanterburyTales.SometimescalledthefatherofEnglishliterature,ChauceriscreditedbysomescholarsasthefirstauthortodemonstratetheartisticlegitimacyofthevernacularMiddleEnglish,ratherthanFrenchorLatin.ChaucerliteraryCareer1.TheFrenchperiod(1360s~1372)UndertheinfluenceofFrenchpoetryWorks:TheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰的故事》2.Italianperiod(1372~1385)UndertheinfluenceofItalianRenaissanceWorks:TheHouseofFame《声誉之堂》TroylusandCriseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》3.Englishperiod(1385~1400)FreefromanyforeigninfluenceWorks：TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集RepresentativeProjectsTroylusandCriseyde(c.1383)isapoemre-tellsinMiddleEnglishthetragicstoryoftheloversTroilusandCriseydesetagainstabackdropofwarintheSiegeofTroy.Itwascomposedusingrimeroyaleandprobablycompletedduringthemid1380's.Influence:Thepoemhadanimportantlegacyforlaterwriters.ManyChaucerscholarsregarditasthepoet'sfinestwork.Asafinishedlongitiscertainlymoreself-containedthanthebetterknownbutultimatelyuncompletedCanterburyTales.TheCanterburyTales(1387-1400)isacollectionofstorieswritteninMiddleEnglishattheendofthe14thcentury.Thetales(mostlyinverse诗,althoughsomeareinprose散文)aretoldaspartofastory-tellingcontestbyagroupofpilgrimsastheytraveltogetheronajourneyfromSouthwarktotheshrineofSaintThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.Influence:TheCanterburyTalesisChaucer’smasterpiece代表作andoneofthemonumentalworks重要作品inEnglishliterature.HeusesthetalesandthedescriptionsofthecharacterstopaintanironicandcriticalportraitofEnglishsocietyatthetime,andparticularlyoftheChurch.Structurally,thecollectionbearstheinfluenceofTheDecameron十日谈.ContributionHeintroducedfromItalyandFrancetherhymedstanza押韵的小节ofvarioustypes，especiallytherhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter(“heroiccouplet”英雄双韵体)toEnglishpoetry.HewasthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage(MiddleEnglish),thusestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguage.HedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.2.Shakespeare流派：TheEnglishRenaissance,realism,humanism.Hismainworks:Thegreatestcomedies:Amidsummernight’sdreamThemerchantofVeniceAsyoulikeitTwelfthnightThegreattragedies:HamletOthelloKingLearMacbethThehistories:KingJohnRichardIIHenryIVHenryVRichardIIIPoems:VenusandAdonisTherapeofLucreceShakespeare’sSonnetsAlover’scomplaintFuneralelegybyW.S.主要作品的内容：HamletTheplay,setintheKingdomofDenmark,recountshowPrinceHamletexactsrevengeonhisuncleClaudiusformurderingtheoldKingHamlet,Claudius'sownbrotherandPrinceHamlet'sfather,andthensucceedingtothethroneandmarryingGertrude,theKingHamlet'swidowandmotherofPrinceHamlet.Theplayvividlychartsthecourseofrealandfeignedmadness—fromoverwhelminggrieftoseethingrage—andexploresthemesoftreachery,revenge,incest,andmoralcorruption.HamletiswithoutquestionthemostfamousplayintheEnglishlanguage,isamilestoneinShakespeare'sdramaticdevelopment;theplaywrightachievedartisticmaturityinthisworkthroughhisbrilliantdepictionofthehero'sstrugglewithtwoopposingforces:moralintegrityandtheneedtoavengehisfather'smurder.Amidsummernight’sdreamItportraystheeventssurroundingthemarriageoftheDukeofAthens,Theseus,andtheQueenoftheAmazons,Hippolyta.TheseincludetheadventuresoffouryoungAthenianloversandagroupofamateuractors,whoaremanipulatedbythefairieswhoinhabittheforestinwhichmostoftheplayisset.TheplayisoneofShakespeare'smostpopularworksforthestageandiswidelyperformedacrosstheworld.KingLearKingLearisatragedyconsideredtobeoneofhisgreatestworks,inwhichthetitlecharacterdescendsintomadnessfromtheconsequencesoffoolishlydisposingofhisestatebetweentwoofhisthreedaughtersbasedontheirflattery.TheplayisbasedonthelegendofLeirofBritain,amythologicalpre-RomanCelticking.Ithasbeenwidelyadaptedforstageandscreen,withtheroleofLearplayedbymanyoftheworld'smostaccomplishedactors.Features(contributions)ofShakespeare’sdrama:1.Shakespeareisoneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature.2.Shakespeare’sdramaticcreationoftenusedthemethodofadaptation.3.Shakespeare’slongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacquiredmakehimamaster–handforplay-writing.4.Shakespearewasskilledinmanypoeticforms:theSong,thesonnet,thecouplet,andthedramaticblankverse.5.ShakespearewasagreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.文学地位：Shakespearewrotesomethirty-eightplays.Takenindividually,severalofthemareamongtheworld'sfinestwrittenworks;takencollectively,theyestablishShakespeareastheforemostliterarytalentofhisownElizabethanAgeand,evenmoreimpressively,asageniuswhosecreativeachievementhasneverbeensurpassedinanyage.ShakespearehasbeenuniversallyacknowledgedtobethesummitoftheEnglishRenaissance,andoneofthegreatestwriterstheworldover.Shakespeare'sworkhasmadealastingimpressiononlatertheatreandliterature.Inparticular,heexpandedthedramaticpotentialofcharacterisation,plot,language,andgenre.ShakespeareinfluencednovelistssuchasThomasHardy,WilliamFaulkner,andCharlesDickens.InShakespeare'sday,Englishgrammar,spellingandpronunciationwerelessstandar