英语从句用法总结

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英语各种从句的用法吴诗君曹璐杨青慧李双蒋亚萍王搏怀表语从句同位语从句主语从句宾语从句状语从句从句定语从句定义:在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句1.由从属连词that,whether,if引导;Thattheplatesaremovingisbeyonddispute.Whetherhewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.2.由连接代词who,that引导;Whatwelackisexperience.Whowillgototheenergyconferenceisnotimportant.SubjectClause(主语从句)3.由连接副词when,how,where,why引导;Howhemanagestofinishthejobisofinteresttous.Whyhefailedtheenglishexamwasn'tclear.注意:that在从句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当成分。4.当主语过长时,为了符合英语语言的习惯和避免出现头重脚轻的现象常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末;Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.Itwasagreatachievementtocompletea24-storybuildingin10months.固定用法和译法:(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat…事实是……Itisgoodnewsthat………是好消息Itisaquestionthat………是个问题Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识类似的名词还有:apity,awonder,surprise,nowonder等.(2)Itis+形容词+从句Itis+形容词+从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisclearthat…很清楚……Itislikelythat…很可能……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……类似的形容词还有:strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quite;unusual;certain;evident;worth-while;surprising;interesting;astonishing,etc.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,如strange,natural…(3)Itis+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat…据说……Itisreportedthat…据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证明……Itmustbeprovedthat…必须指出……类似的过去分词还有:known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout,etc.(4)It+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat…好像是……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……Itfollowsthat…由此可见……Ithasturnedoutthat…结果是……类似的不及物动词还有:seem,appear,occur,follow,happen,turnout,etc.(由it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较:it作形式主语的结构Itis+名词/形容词/过去分词+主语从句;而强调句则不同,它的结构是:It+be+被强调部分+that+从句判断是否是强调句有一个方法,就是将that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出来单独看,看有没有缺成分,缺的是什么成分,再把谓语动词后面that前面的那部分,带到你认为缺成分的地方,如果放进去是一句完整的句子了,那就说明是强调句。)Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguages_____attractedtheaudience'sinterest.A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich解析:what做连接词的时候永远等于“thething(s)that”,it作形式主语是只能代名词性结构,代不了“名词+定语从句”的结构。单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.B定义:指在复合句中做主句表语的从句。表语从句和主语指同一内容,它对主语进行解释、说明,使主句的内容具体化。Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.结构:主语+连系动词(be,seem,look)+句子作表语(1)从属连词that,whether,as,asif等;ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但asif却可引导表语从句Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butit´sasifitwasonlyyesterday.PredicativeClause(表语从句)(2)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why.Thequestionishowhedidit.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.(3)AistoBwhatCistoD.目的在于突出A对于B的重要Wateristofishwhatairistoman.Whatshewantstoknowiswhichdresssheshouldbuy.(此处which和what的句子成分是一样的)重点疑难1“Thatisbecause/why...”意为“这就是为什么……/因为,因此。两者之间的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.(前面结果,后面原因)Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.(前面原因,后面结果)2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略;Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.定义:指在复合句中做及物动词的宾语的从句,也可以做介词和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句一般用于及物动词之后,或用于介词之后。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句;由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.ObjectClause(宾语从句)Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲,则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou(2)由whether或if引导的宾语句;whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句,常可互换。但从句中有ornot时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导,要用whether和what;that也很少引导介词宾语从句,只在except,but,besides等之后才用。(3)许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。结构常是:主语+动词+it+形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句Bad:Ithoughtthathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohoursimpossible.Good:Ithoughtitimpossiblethathecouldfinishthisjobinjusttwohours.it作形式主语和形式宾语的区别:Ifinditnecessarytotakeexerciseeveryday.(形式宾语)Ifinditisnecessarytotakeexerciseeveryday.(形式主语)Theyfoundveryhardtoworkouttheproblem.A.itB.it'sC.thisD.that解析:如果选B就成了宾语从句而宾语从句中,如果主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去的某个时态。这样时态不对,因此不能选B,只能选A。▲宾语从句中需要注意的重点:★当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时,其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式,常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.A★宾语从句中的时态呼应●主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态(主现从不限);●主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态(主过从句过),但是从句是科学真理、客观常识、名人格言时用一般现在时;●情态动词could/would用于,“请求”,表示委婉、客气的语气时,从句不受主句的约束。Ihearheisheretody/hewashereyesterday/hewillbeheretomorrow.HesaidhewaswatchingTV/hehadsweptthefloor/hewouldplayfootballafterschool.Everyoneansweredtherearesixtyminutesinanhour.定义:在句中做定语,修饰名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。★限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于ofwhich;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.AttributiveClause(定语从句)1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,n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