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英国文学史I.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAgesBeowulf贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）SomeexamplesonP52.UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②TroilusandCriseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③TheHouseofFame声誉之宫MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(传奇故事)Famousthree：KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfIITheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey①TheFaerieQueene仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:1.UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③Amoretti爱情小唱?2.Thomas?More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists①Utopia乌托邦3.Francis?Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.?Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.①TheAdvancementofLearning学术的推进②Essays随笔(famousquotas:Ofstudies)?ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.4.BenJonson①ComedyofHumours②Volpone,orthefox狐狸5.Christopher?Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.①TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝?③TheJewofMalta马耳他的犹太人6.WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616?①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII②FourComedies四大喜剧:AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜;TwelfthNight第十二夜;AMidsummerNight’SDream仲夏夜之梦;MerchantOfVenice威尼斯商人③FourTragedies四大悲剧:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154TheSonnetsThreequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.IIIThe17thCentury1.JohnMilton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）①Epics:ParadiseLost失乐园Paradise?Regained复乐园②Dramaticpoem:SamsonAgonistes力士参孙③Areopagitica论出版自由?TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople为英国人民声辩④OnHisBlindness我的失明Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.2.JohnBunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)①ReligionaryAllegory:ThePilgrim’sProgress天路历程3.JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗)：（用语）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论①Meditations沉思录TheFlea虱子②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets③Valediction:ForbiddingMourningIVThe18thCenturyArevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小说崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)Gothicnovel(哥特式小说)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)1.Alexander?Pope亚历山大·蒲柏1688~1744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland.①AnEssayonCriticism批评论Artisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”②TheRapeoftheLock卷发遇劫记③MoralEssays道德论EssayonMan人论TheDunciad愚人记2.SamuelJohnson塞缪尔约翰逊1709~1784①Dictionary=ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage英语大词典3.JonathanSwift乔纳森·斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说