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I摘要建筑节能面临的首要问题是建筑围护结构的节能，而外窗的气密性能是影响建筑空调能耗的一个非常重要的因素。为了节能和改善室内热环境，迫切需要提高外窗的气密性。因此，开展建筑外窗气密性现场检测技术研究是我国当前建筑节能科技发展的迫切需要。本文主要研究了建筑外窗气密性能现场检测方法与技术。在此基础上，设计开发了基于虚拟仪器LabVIEW的居住建筑外窗气密性现场检测系统。空气渗透和自然通风的产生机理存在着一定的联系和差别，在实际的计算过程中，很多工程设计者和科研人员采用了一些基本相同的流体流动概念以及计算方法，从而混淆了这两者之间的本质差别。本文对于建筑外窗空气渗透量的计算方法及现场检测方法进行了分析。实验台搭建方面，本文根据静压箱法的原理，搭建了外窗气密性现场检测实验台，该实验台由静压箱、风机、变频调速器、压差传感器以及相应的管路组成，同时搭建了测试系统，可以在该实验台上实现现场测试实验。软件开发方面，本文基于LabVIEW开发了建筑外窗气密性现场检测系统，该系统利用图形化的编程语言，开发出了数据采集和数据处理等模块式程序，使显示界面、实时监控界面一目了然，方便操作调试。实验研究方面，根据开发的基于LabVIEW的建筑外窗气密性现场检测系统对长沙某居住小区进行了现场检测。重复性实验的结果表明，本文开发出的检测系统具有良好的可靠性，性能稳定，多次测量结果的偏差在允许的范围以内。昀后对现场检测的数据进行了全面的不确定度分析，给出了数据可靠性、可信性质量指标的评定。基于以上的研究成果说明，本文所做的研究工作对于建筑外窗气密性现场检测设备的进一步完善和建筑节能工作的深入开展都具有一定的实践意义。关键词：建筑外窗；气密性；空气渗透量；检测系统；LabVIEWIIABSTRACTBuildingenvelopeistheprimaryprobleminenergy-saving.Airtightnessofwindowsisanimportantfactorthatinfluencestheenergyconsumptionofairconditioninginbuildings.Inordertoimprovetheindoorthermalenvironmentandenergyconservation,thereisanurgentneedtoimprovetheairtightnessofwindows.Therefore,thestudyonon-testtechniqueofairtightnessofbuildingexternalwindowsisanurgentneedbytechnologydevelopmentoncurrentbuildingenergysaving.Themethodandtechniqueofon-sitetestarestudiedinthispaper,underwhichanon-sitetestsystembasedonLabVIEWisdesignedanddeveloped.Certainrelationsanddifferencesexistbetweengeneratingmechanismofairpermeabilityandnaturalventilation.Inprocessesofpracticalcalculation,manyscientificresearchersandprojectdesignersusesomeofthesamebasicconceptsandcalculationmethodsofflow,whichconfusestheessentialdifferencesbetweenthem.Thispaperanalyzesthecalculationmethodofairpermeabilityandtheon-sitetestingmethod.Ontheexperimenttable,theexperimenttableofon-sitetestisbuiltbasedontheprincipleofplenumbox.Theexperimentalsystemincludesplenumbox,blower,differentialpressuretransducerandsomepipelines.Themeasurementofthevolumeofairflowcouldbemadeonthisbench.Onthesoftdevelopment,thetestsystemhasbeendevelopedbasedonLabVIEW,whichdevelopeddataacquisitionprogramanddataprocessingsoftwareingraphicalprogramminglanguage,andhelptheinterfacetobeclearandoperateeasily.TheapparatusofthisexperimentbasedonLabVIEWhasbeendevelopedandusedinpracticeinChangshahousingblock.Therepeatresultsofexperimentsshowthattheapparatusisreliableandhasgoodperformance.Atlast,alltheexperimentdatahasbeenmadetheuncertaintyanalysis.Theaboveexperimentresultsindicatethattheresearchishelpfultoperfecttheapparatusformeasuringtheairtightnessofwindowsanddeveloptheenergysavinginbuildings.Keywords:externalwindows;airtightness;airflow;testsystem;LabVIEW目录摘要.........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT................................................................................................................II第一章绪论1.1课题来源........................................................................................................11.2本文研究背景分析........................................................................................11.2.1我国建筑能耗状况...............................................................................11.2.2我国建筑节能设计工作的开展............................................................11.2.3建筑外窗的气密性与建筑节能的关系.................................................21.3建筑外窗气密性检测国内外研究现状..........................................................21.4课题研究的目的及意义.................................................................................51.5课题研究的内容及方法.................................................................................61.5.1研究内容...............................................................................................61.5.2研究方法..............................................................................................6第二章门窗缝隙渗风量计算方法2.1空气渗透过程................................................................................................82.2渗风量计算方法............................................................................................92.2.1换气次数法........................................................................................102.2.2网络计算法........................................................................................102.2.3百分比法............................................................................................112.2.4实验测定法........................................................................................112.2.5缝隙法................................................................................................122.3渗风特性常数..............................................................................................132.3.1渗风特性系数a.................................................................................132.3.2渗风特性指数b.................................................................................132.3.3渗风特性常数的确定方法.................................................................142.4本章小结......................................................................................................16第三章建筑外窗气密性现场检测系统的设计3.1建筑外窗气密性现场检测原理及方法...............