各章review-terms汇总资料

1Chapter1Introduction引言ReviewTerms术语回顾•Database-managementsystem(DBMS)数据库管理系统•Database-systemapplications数据库系统应用•File-processingsystems文件处理系统•Datainconsistency数据不一致性•Consistencyconstraints一致性约束•Dataabstraction数据抽象•Instance实例•Schema模式◦Physicalschema物理模式◦Logicalschema逻辑模式•Physicaldataindependence物理数据独立性•Datamodels数据模型◦Entity-relationshipmodel实体-关系模型◦Relationaldatamodel关系数据模型◦Object-baseddatamodel基于对象的数据模型◦Semistructureddatamodel半结构化数据模型•Databaselanguages数据库语言◦Data-definitionlanguage数据定义语言◦Data-manipulationlanguage数据操纵语言◦Querylanguage查询语言•Metadata元数据•Applicationprogram应用程序•Normalization规范化•Datadictionary数据字典•Storagemanager存储管理器•Queryprocessor查询处理器•Transactions事务◦Atomicity原子性◦Failurerecovery故障恢复◦Concurrencycontrol并发控制•Two-andthree-tierdatabasearchitectures两层和三层数据库体系结构•Datamining数据挖掘•Databaseadministrator(DBA)数据库管理员Chapter2IntroductiontotheRelationalModel关系模型介绍ReviewTerms术语回顾•Table表•Relation关系•Tuple元组•Attribute属性•Domain域•Atomicdomain原子域2•Nullvalue空值•Databaseschema数据库模式•Databaseinstance数据库实例•Relationschema关系模式•Relationinstance关系实例•Keys码◦Superkey超码◦Candidatekey候选码◦Primarykey主码•Foreignkey外码◦Referencingrelation参照关系◦Referencedrelation被参照关系•Referentialintegrityconstraint参照完整性约束•Schemadiagram模式图•Querylanguage查询语言◦Procedurallanguage过程化语言◦Nonprocedurallanguage非过程化语言•Operationsonrelations关系运算◦Selectionoftuples选择元组◦Selectionofattributes选择属性◦Naturaljoin自然连接◦Cartesianproduct笛卡儿积◦Setoperations集合运算•Relationalalgebra关系代数Chapter3IntroductiontoSQLSQL简介ReviewTerms术语回顾•Data-definitionlanguage数据定义语言•Data-manipulationlanguage数据操纵语言•Databaseschema数据库模式•Databaseinstance数据库实例•Relationschema关系模式•Relationinstance关系实例•Primarykey主码•Foreignkey外码◦Referencingrelation参照关系◦Referencedrelation被参照关系•Nullvalue空值•Querylanguage查询语言•SQLquerystructureSQL查询结构◦selectclauseselect子句◦fromclausefrom子句◦whereclausewhere子句•Naturaljoinoperation自然连接运算3•asclauseas子句•orderbyclauseorderby子句•Correlationname(correlationvariable,tuplevariable)相关名称(相关变量,元组变量)•Setoperations集合操作◦union◦intersect◦except•Nullvalues空值◦Truthvalue“unknown”真值“unknown”•Aggregatefunctions聚集函数◦avg,min,max,sum,count◦groupby◦having•Nestedsubqueries嵌套子查询•Setcomparisons集合比较◦{,=,,=}{some,all}◦exists◦unique•lateralclauselateral子句•withclausewith子句•Scalarsubquery标量子查询•Databasemodification数据库修改◦Deletion删除◦Insertion插入◦Updating更新Chapter4IntermediateSQL中级SQLReviewTerms术语回顾•Jointypes连接类型◦Innerandouterjoin内连接和外连接◦Left,rightandfullouterjoin左外连接、右外连接和全外连接◦Natural,using,andonNatural连接条件，using连接条件和on连接条件•Viewdefinition视图定义•Materializedviews物化视图•Viewupdate视图更新•Transactions事务◦Commitwork提交◦Rollbackwork回滚◦Atomictransaction原子事务•Integrityconstraints完整性约束•Domainconstraints域约束•Uniqueconstraint唯一性约束•CheckclauseCheck子句•Referentialintegrity参照完整性4◦Cascadingdeletes级联删除◦Cascadingupdates级联更新•Assertions断言•Dateandtimetypes日期和时间类型•Defaultvalues默认值•Indices索引•Largeobjects大对象•User-definedtypes用户定义类型•Domains域•Catalogs目录•Schemas模式•Authorization授权•Privileges权限◦select选择◦insert插入◦update更新◦allprivileges所有权限◦Grantingofprivileges授予权限◦Revokingofprivileges收回权限◦Privilegetograntprivileges授予权限的权限◦Grantoption•Roles角色•Authorizationonviews视图授权•Executeauthorization执行授权•Invokerprivileges调用者权限•Row-levelauthorization行级授权Chapter5AdvancedSQL高级SQLReviewTerms术语回顾•JDBCJava数据库连接•ODBC开放式数据库连接•Preparedstatements预备语句•Accessingmetadata访问元数据•SQLinjectionSQL注入•EmbeddedSQL嵌入式SQL•Cursors游标•Updatablecursors可更新的游标•DynamicSQL动态SQL•SQLfunctionsSQL函数•Storedprocedures存储过程•Proceduralconstructs过程化结构•Externallanguageroutines外部语言例程•Trigger触发器•Beforeandaftertriggersbefore和after触发器5•Transitionvariablesandtables过渡变量和过渡表•Recursivequeries递归查询•Monotonicqueries单调查询•Rankingfunctions排名函数◦Rank◦Denserank◦Partitionby•Windowing分窗•Onlineanalyticalprocessing(OLAP)联机分析处理•Multidimensionaldata多维数据◦Measureattributes度量属性◦Dimensionattributes维属性◦Pivoting转轴◦Datacube数据立方体◦Slicinganddicing切片和切块◦Rollupanddrilldown上卷和下钻•Cross-tabulation交叉表Chapter6FormalRelationalQueryLanguages形式化关系查询语言ReviewTerms术语回顾•Relationalalgebra关系代数•Relational-algebraoperations关系代数运算◦Select选择◦Project投影◦Union∪并◦Setdifference−集合差◦Cartesianproduct×笛卡儿积◦Rename更名•Additionaloperations附加的运算◦Setintersection∩集合交◦Naturaljoin自然连接◦Assignmentoperation赋值运算◦Outerjoin外连接*Leftouterjoin左外连接*Rightouterjoin右外连接*Fullouterjoin全外连接•Multisets多重集•Grouping分组•Nullvalue空值•Tuplerelationalcalculus元组关系演算•Domainrelationalcalculus域关系演算•Safetyofexpressions表达式安全性•Expressivepoweroflanguages语言的表达能力Chapter7DatabaseDesignandtheE-RModel数据库设计和E-R模型6ReviewTerms术语回顾•Entity-relationshipdatamodel实体-联系数据模型•Entityandentityset实体和实体集◦Attributes属性◦Domain域◦Simpleandcompositeattributes简单和复合属性◦Single-valuedandmultivaluedattributes单值和多值属性◦Nullvalue空值◦Derivedattribute派生属性◦Superkey,candidatekey,andprimarykey超码、候选码以及主码•Relationshipandrelationshipset联系和联系集◦Binaryrelationshipset二元联系集◦Degreeofrelationshipset联系集的度◦Descriptiveattributes描述性属性◦Superkey,candidatekey,andprimarykey超码、候选码以及主码◦Role角色◦Recursiverelationshipset自环联系集•E-RdiagramE-R图•Mappingcardinality:映射基数◦One-to-onerelationship一对一联系◦One-to-manyrelationship一对多联系◦Many-to-onerelationship多对一联系◦Many-to-manyrelationship多对多联系•Participatio