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1Unit1Task2AcontrarytoimplicitassertionlookupadaptedSustainunbiasedInthecourseofmetaphorclutterBbolstercredibleimpromptusparinglyanecdoteCredentialstestimonyhypotheticalparaphrasejuxtapositionTask3TranslationB.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。C.1.Theyoungergenerationshouldcontinuetosustainanddevelopourfinetraditionsandlong-standingculture.2.Inthecourseofpreparingone’sspeech,oneshouldbeclearlyawareofhowonecouldmakeeffectiveuseofstatisticsandexamplestobolsterone’spointofview.3.Animpromptuspeechisoneofthespeakingskillsthatcollegestudentsshouldlearnanddevelopthroughpractice.4.Byusingsimileandmetaphor,youcanmakeyourlanguagemorevividandmoreattractivetoyouraudience.5.Theproperexamplesyoucitemighthelpreinforcetheimpressiononyourlistenersandmakeyourviewpointsmoreconvincing.6.Whenyouarespeaking,youshouldchoosecommonandeasywordsandatthesametimeavoidclutterinyouspeech.7.Whenyouwriteapaper,citingtheviewsfromsomeexpertsisagoodwaytomakeyourideasmorecredible.8.Agoodmethodofdeliveringaspeechwillimproveitsqualityandwillhelpconveythespeakers’ideasclearlyandinterestingly.9.Youshouldmotblindlyuseawordthatyouarenotsureabout,andifyouarenotsure,lookupthewordinadictionary.10.Yourlanguageshouldadapttotheparticularoccasionandaudience.Ifyourlanguageisappropriateinallrespects,yourspeechissuccessful.D.Beforeyoudeliveranacademicspeech,youshould,firstofall,getwellpreparedforit.Then,youshouldmakeyourmajorpointsclearinyourspeech,andyourspeechshouldbewellorganized.Whenspeaking,youshouldnotspeaktoofast,andyourlanguageshouldbeexplicit.Don’talwaysreadthenotesyoupreparedbeforehand.Fromtimetotime,youshouldlookatyouraudience.Ononehand,youcanshowyourrespecttoyouraudience,andontheotherhand,youwillbeabletogoonwithyourspeechmoresmoothly.2Unit2Task2VocabularyDevelopmentdevastatingposedmassivecontributetotriplemenaceliabilityconsensusentailsplausibleplausibleportendpindownaggravatingstaggeringonaparwithemergenceresurgencedetractfrominadequacyTask3TranslationB．能源和人类利益有着双重关系。人类历史发展长河中，由于利用能源成本低廉，人们主要关注能源和人类安康关系中有利的一面。然而，过去一百年以来人口以空前速度增长，引起了能源需求的激增，同时，人均工业能源需求亦急剧增长。因此，能源利用所需成本越来越高，无论是外延成本还是内涵成本。一方面，能源资源加速减少，能源供应所需投入越来越高；另一方面，相比之下，外延成本更加令人忧虑，原因是能源利用严重威胁大众健康和安全，不断破坏全球生态系统，并可能引发大规模军事冲突。C．1.Energyuseshouldbenefitglobalsustainabilitysothatitcancontributetolong-termhumanwell-being.2.Today,thisconsensushasgivenwaytoavarietyoffamilystylesasaresultofpeoplelivinglonger,marryinglater,anddivorcingmore.3.Muchofthecurrentresearchentailsclosecollaborationwithindustry,whichleadstoaprofitableexchangeofpersonnelandideas.4.Ifwecannotpindownexactlywhatwearesupposedtobemanaging,howcanwemanageit?5.Themagnitudeofurbanmigrationinrecentyearsisevidenceofmoredisturbingtrends:theexpandinggapbetweenrichandpoor,rapidpopulationgrowthandincreasingenvironmentaldegradation.6.Thestudentsperceivedthatthetoxicitytestingofaninsecticideisonaparwiththatofacosmetic.7.Thispresentationdescribesalargesetofplausiblegoals,atleastoneofwhichshouldbeachievedwithinyears.9.Eventheverymediocreservicesandfoodatthebeautyspotdidnotdetractfromtheenjoymentofthetourists.10.Tofinancehertwodaughterswhoarebothatcollege,shebeganmakinghandicrafttoaugmentthefamilyincome.D.Itisdifficulttoquantifythetotalcontributionofallthesefactorstothemonetarycostsofenergysupply,inpartbecausefactorsnotrelatedtotheenvironmentareoftenentwinedwithenvironmentalones.Forexample,constructiondelayshavebeencausednotjustbyregulatoryconstraintsbutalsobyproblemsofengineering,managementandqualitycontrol.Nevertheless,intheUS,environmentalimpactshaveincreasedthemonetarycostsofsupplyingpetroleumproductsbyatleast25percentduringthepast20years,andthecostsofgeneratingelectricityfromcoalandnuclearpowerby40percentormore.3Unit3Task2VocabularyDevelopmentA.inotherwordsenforcedregardlessofaddressinvolvedborderingonappliedtosuggestconvictionsavailableB.subsequentwhoppingfatalitiessporadicallypriortoprodturnedupwhimnailcrashTask3TranslationB.在感恩节的周末，24小时内发生了2起车祸，撞死3人，使得过去2周里斯普林菲尔德城市道路上死亡人数上升到6人。本年度还剩下最后1个月，在斯普林菲尔德至少有17人死于车祸，其中包括上周在44号州际公路上撞死的来自芝加哥的一家三口。周日，斯普林菲尔德的一对夫妇，58岁的乔恩.保尔和59岁的詹尼特.保尔在南格林斯顿大道的2400街区被车撞死.据警察讲述,上午10点半左右,乔恩.保尔南行的2001现代胜菲擦边撞上了一辆同样往南开的1995年出产的克莱斯勒柔斯,司机是27岁的查理.罗德,来自阿肯色州的山居。乔恩.保尔的车继续南行,撞在斯普林菲尔德国家公墓的砖墙上,又撞上了一根公用电线杆。斯普林菲尔德消防队把对夫妇从车里拉了出来，詹尼特.保尔杯当场宣布死亡，乔恩.保尔不省人事，被送到圣约翰地区医疗中心，之后也被宣布死亡。警察在调查现场时交通被关闭了４小时。C.1.Thestatisticsshowthatfataltrafficaccidentsincreaseby15percentbecauseofthedeclineoftrafficcitations.2.Theresearcherspointoutthattheinnocentareoftenmadetopaythepriceforthecarelessnessofdrivers.3.Manypeoplelinktrafficaccidentstocellphoneusage,alcoholandspeedingviolations.4.Withinfourmonthsofreceivingatrafficticket,adriver’sriskofbeinginvolvedinacrashwillbebackuptowhereitwasbeforethecitation.5.Besidesenforcinghighwaysafetylaws,therearelotsofotherthingsforthegovernmenttospendmoneyon.6.Thoughmillionsofpeopledieintrafficaccidentseveryyear,wehavecometoac