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机械工程专业英语作业及期末复习作业一1.Mostmachininghasverylowset-upcostcomparedwithforming,molding,andcastingprocesses.However,machiningismuchmoreexpensiveforhighvolumes.译文：与成型加工、锻压和铸造工艺相比，大多数机械加工的生产准备成本都较低，然而如果是大批量生产，其成本要高得多。2.Turningcanoccuronbothexternalandinternalsurfacestoproduceanaxially-symmetricalcontouredpart.译文：车削可以加工外面和内表面以形成具有轴对称的成形工件。3.Facingistheproducingofaflatsurfaceastheresultofatool’sbeingfedacrosstheendoftherotatingworkpiece.译文：车端面可以加工出一个平面，它是当车刀沿回转工件的端面横向进给的结果。4.Threadingcanbeconsideredasturningsincethepathtobetravelledbythecuttingtoolishelical.译文：车螺纹可以看作是车削，只是车刀所形成的加工轨迹是螺旋线。5.manytypesoflathesareusedforproductionturning.Accordingtopurposesandconstruction,lathe-typemachinetoolscanbeclassifiedasfollows:译文：许多种类的车床都可以用于车削，根据它的目的和结构，车床可以分为以下几种类型。1.Enginelathes普通车床2.Verticallathes立式车床3.Turretlathes转塔车床4.Single-ormulitple-spindleautomaticorsemi-automaticlathes单或多轴自动或半自动车床5.Contouringlathes仿形车床6.Universallathes万能车床7.Special-purposelathessuchascrankshaftlathescamshaftlathes,carwheellathesandbacking-offlathes,etc专用车床，如曲轴车床、凸轮轴车床、汽车车轮车床、铲齿车床等作业二1.Qualityandaccuracyaremajorconsiderationsinmakingmachinepartsorstructures.Interchangeablepartsrequireahighdegreeofaccuracytofittogether.译文：在制造机器零件和结构的过程中，质量和精度是最重要的因素。互换性零件需要有高精度以实现相互配合.2.Deviationsofactualsurfacesaredividedintofourgroupstoenableassessment,prescriptionandcheckingofthepermittedinaccuracyduringproduction:译文:实际加工表面的偏差在进行评估说明和允许误差的检查过程中被分为四类1.Dimensionaldeviations;1尺寸偏差;2.Shapedeviations;2形状的偏差;3.Positiondeviations;3位置偏差;4.Surfaceroughnessdeviations.4表面粗糙度的偏差。3.Unnecessarilytighttolerancesleadtohighcostofmanufactureresultingfrommoreexpensivemanufacturingmethodsandhigherrejectrates.译文：不必要的紧公差会导致由于昂贵的制造方法和较高的废品率所带来的高的制造成本。4.Transitionfit.Itisafitwhere(dependingontheactualsizesoftheholeandshaft)bothclearanceandinterferencemayoccurinthecoupling.Tolerancezonesoftheholeandshaftpartlyorcompletelyinterfere.译文：过渡配合。这是一个适合在那里（根据实际大小的孔和轴）的间隙和干扰可能会出现在耦合。孔和轴公差带部分或完全干涉。过渡配合。这是一个符合(取决于实际大小的孔、轴)两个间隙和干扰可能发生耦合。公差带的孔、轴部分或完全干涉过渡配合是（根据实际大小的孔和轴）间隙和过盈在配合时都会发生的一种配合。孔和轴的公差带会部分或完全覆盖。作业三1.Toensurethattheworkpieceisproducedaccordingtothespecifiedshape,dimensionsandtolerances,itisessentialthatworkplaceshouldbeappropriatelylocatedandclampedonthemachinetool.译文：为了确保按照规定的形状，尺寸和公差将工件加工出来，至关重要的一点就是要将工件恰当地定位并夹紧在机床上。2.Interchangeability.Jigsandfuturesfacilitateuniformqualityinmanufacture.Thereisnoneedforselectiveassembly.Anypartofmachinefitsproperlyinassemblyandallsimilarcomponentsareinterchangeable。3.Anotherconditiontoavoidinworkholderdesignisredundantorduplicatelocation.Redundantlocatorsrestrictthesamedegreeoffreedommorethanonce.译文：另一种情况下，在工装夹具设计是多余的或重复的位置，避免。冗余定位限制相同的自由度超过一次。4.Clampingdevice,however,isusedtoensurethatthefixture,workpieceandlocationfeatureswillnotbedistortedordamagedundertheactionofcuttingforces,gravity,inertialforceandcentrifugalforceetc.译文作业四1.Thegearthatsuppliesthepoweriscalledtheinputgearandthegearthatdoestheactualworkattheotherendofthegeardriveistheoutputgear.译文：2.ThetoothformisbasedontheinvolutecurveshowninFig.9.1.Practicehasshownthatthisdesignaccommodatesmostlyrollingratherthanslidingcontactofthetoothsurfaces.译文：齿形是基于渐开线曲线如图9.1所示。经验表明，这种设计可以很好的适应齿面的滚动接触，而不是滑动接触。3.Theserapidshocksresultinsomeobjectionableoperatingnoiseandvibration.译文：快速冲击可以导致不良的工作噪音和振动。4.Also,severalteethareincontactatanyonetime,producingamoregradualloadingoftheteeththatreduceswearsubstantially.译文：作业五1.Animportantdistinctionappliedtocontrolsystems,whetherautomaticorotherwise,isthatbetweenopen-loopandclosed-loopoperation.译文：控制系统的一个重要区别，无论是自动还是其他，都是开环和闭环操作之间的一个重要区别。2.Inthisformofcontrol,thevalveisadjustedtomakeoutputcequaltoinputr,butnotreadjustedcontinuallytokeepthetwoequal.译文：在这个控制阀调节中，使输出C等于输入R，但不能连续保持两个相等。3.Thefeedbackloopcausesthesystemtotakecorrectiveactionifoutputc(actuallevel)deviatesfrominputr(desiredlevel),whateverthereason。译文：反馈回路使系统采取纠正措施，如果输出（实际水平）偏离输入（期望水平），无论是什么原因。4.Therefore,itisquiteinadequatetooperateanactuator.Ataskofthecontrolleristoamplifytheerrorsignal.Thepoweramplifierraisespowertothelevelsneededfortheactuator.译文：因此，操作一个执行器是相当不充分的。控制器的任务是放大误差信号。功率放大器提高了执行器所需的功率。械工程专业英语期末复习单词Planes斜面levers杠杆gears齿轮cams凸轮cranks曲柄springs弹簧belts皮带wheels滚轮axles轮轴pulleys滑轮screws螺钉element元素wrench扳手faucet龙头tradeoff交易zipper拉链pivot枢轴tolerance公差fits安装allowance余量asphalt沥青capacitor电容ceramic陶瓷inductor电感concrete混凝nentron中子porcelain瓷器proton质子rotor转子stator定子headstock主轴箱tool-post刀架tailstock尾架bed床身feed-shaft主轴进给lead-screw丝杠carriage溜板lathes车床reamer绞床grinder磨床miller铣床planer刨床drillpresses钻床boringmachines镗床turretpunches冲床flame电火花wire-cutting线切割weldingmachines焊接机床pipebenders弯管机cuttingthreads车螺纹turningtapers加工锥面centers顶尖faceplate卡盘词组parallelcircuit并联电路seriescircuit串联电路brushlessmotor无刷电机servomotor伺服电机gearmotor齿轮电机singlemotor单向电机multiphasemotor多向电机universalmotor通用电机inductionmotor同步电机synchronousmotor异步电机Spurgear正齿轮helicalgear斜齿轮changegear变速齿轮clustergear齿轮组wormgear涡轮蜗杆herringbonegear人字齿轮rackandpinion齿轮齿条anti-backlashgears无齿隙齿轮bevelgear锥齿轮mitergear等径伞齿轮offsetfollower偏心从动件potint/knifefollower尖顶从动件flatfollower平直从动件rollerfollower滚子从动件