托福阅读技巧-逻辑篇

托福阅读技巧——段落逻辑篇通用技巧上下文猜重点词段首段尾知主旨注意例证和转折核心定位找原句排除陷阱干扰项逻辑关系Howdoyoureadaparagraph?Doyoureadeverydetailoronlyreadthesentenceswiththekeywordsinthequestions?Time-consuming！Confusing！Howdoyoureadaparagraph?Doyoureadtheparagraphagainandagainwhenitishardtounderstandorwhenitishardtofindtheanswertothequestion?Example1Readthefollowingparagraphtoanswerthequestion.Paragraph3:Iftrue,though,whydidcold-bloodedanimalssuchassnakes,lizards,turtles,andcrocodilessurvivethefreezingwintersandtorridsummers?Theseanimalsareatthemercyoftheclimatetomaintainalivablebodytemperature.It’shardtounderstandwhytheywouldnotbeaffected,whereasdinosaurswerelefttoocrippledtocope,especiallyif,assomescientistsbelieve,dinosaurswerewarm-blooded.CriticsalsopointoutthattheshallowseawayshadretreatedfromandadvancedonthecontinentsnumeroustimesduringtheMesozoic,sowhydidthedinosaurssurvivetheclimaticchangesassociatedwiththeearlierfluctuationsbutnotwiththisone?Althoughinitiallyappealing,thehypothesisofasimpleclimaticchangerelatedtosealevelsisinsufficienttoexplainallthedata.Whydoestheauthormentionthesurvivalof“snakes,lizards,turtles,andcrocodiles”inparagraph3?A.Toarguethatdinosaursmayhavebecomeextinctbecausetheywerenotcold-bloodedanimalsB.ToquestiontheadequacyofthehypothesisthatclimaticchangerelatedtosealevelscausedtheextinctionofthedinosaursC.TopresentexamplesofanimalsthatcouldmaintainalivablebodytemperaturemoreeasilythandinosaursD.TosupportahypothesisthattheseanimalswerenotassensitivetoclimatechangesintheCretaceousperiodastheyaretodayParagraph3:Iftrue,though,whydidcold-bloodedanimalssuchassnakes,lizards,turtles,andcrocodilessurvivethefreezingwintersandtorridsummers?Theseanimalsareatthemercyoftheclimatetomaintainalivablebodytemperature.It’shardtounderstandwhytheywouldnotbeaffected,whereasdinosaurswerelefttoocrippledtocope,especiallyif,assomescientistsbelieve,dinosaurswerewarm-blooded.CriticsalsopointoutthattheshallowseawayshadretreatedfromandadvancedonthecontinentsnumeroustimesduringtheMesozoic,sowhydidthedinosaurssurvivetheclimaticchangesassociatedwiththeearlierfluctuationsbutnotwiththisone?Althoughinitiallyappealing,thehypothesisofasimpleclimaticchangerelatedtosealevelsisinsufficienttoexplainallthedata.Whydoestheauthormentionthesurvivalof“snakes,lizards,turtles,andcrocodiles”inparagraph3?A.Toarguethatdinosaursmayhavebecomeextinctbecausetheywerenotcold-bloodedanimalsB.ToquestiontheadequacyofthehypothesisthatclimaticchangerelatedtosealevelscausedtheextinctionofthedinosaursC.TopresentexamplesofanimalsthatcouldmaintainalivablebodytemperaturemoreeasilythandinosaursD.TosupportahypothesisthattheseanimalswerenotassensitivetoclimatechangesintheCretaceousperiodastheyaretodayExample2Readthefollowingparagraphtoanswerthequestion.Dissatisfactionwithconventionalexplanationsfordinosaurextinctionsledtoasurprisingobservationthat,inturn,hassuggestedanewhypothesis.ManyplantsandanimalsdisappearabruptlyfromthefossilrecordasonemovesfromlayersofrockdocumentingtheendoftheCretaceousupintorocksrepresentingthebeginningoftheCenozoic(theeraaftertheMesozoic).BetweenthelastlayerofCretaceousrockandthefirstlayerofCenozoicrock,thereisoftenathinlayerofclay.Scientistsfeltthattheycouldgetanideaofhowlongtheextinctionstookbydetermininghowlongittooktodepositthisonecentimeterofclayandtheythoughttheycoulddeterminethetimeittooktodeposittheclaybydeterminingtheamountoftheelementiridium(lr)itcontained.Inparagraph4,allthefollowingquestionsareansweredEXCEPT:A.WhyistherealayerofclaybetweentherocksoftheCretaceousandCenozoic?B.WhywerescientistsinterestedindetermininghowlongittooktodepositthelayerofclayattheendoftheCretaceous?C.Whatwastheeffectofthesurprisingobservationscientistsmade?D.WhydidscientistswantmoreinformationaboutthedinosaurextinctionsattheendoftheCretaceous?Dissatisfactionwithconventionalexplanationsfordinosaurextinctionsledtoasurprisingobservationthat,inturn,hassuggestedanewhypothesis.ManyplantsandanimalsdisappearabruptlyfromthefossilrecordasonemovesfromlayersofrockdocumentingtheendoftheCretaceousupintorocksrepresentingthebeginningoftheCenozoic(theeraaftertheMesozoic).BetweenthelastlayerofCretaceousrockandthefirstlayerofCenozoicrock,thereisoftenathinlayerofclay.Scientistsfeltthattheycouldgetanideaofhowlongtheextinctionstookbydetermininghowlongittooktodepositthisonecentimeterofclayandtheythoughttheycoulddeterminethetimeittooktodeposittheclaybydeterminingtheamountoftheelementiridium(lr)itcontained.Inparagraph4,allthefollowingquestionsareansweredEXCEPT:A.WhyistherealayerofclaybetweentherocksoftheCretaceousandCenozoic?B.WhywerescientistsinterestedindetermininghowlongittooktodepositthelayerofclayattheendoftheCretaceous?C.Whatwastheeffectofthesurprisingobservationscientistsmade?D.WhydidscientistswantmoreinformationaboutthedinosaurextinctionsattheendoftheCretaceous?Theinternallogic?Dissatisfactionwithconventionalexplanationsfordinosaurextinctionsledtoasurprisingobservationthat,inturn,hassuggestedanewhypothesis.Manyplantsandanimalsdisappearabruptlyfromthefossilrecordasonemovesfromlayersofro