短文填空解题技巧

-1-Yolanda英语课堂短文填空解题技巧短文填空尽管以不同的形式出现，但是解题时却有很多相同之处。怎么做好此类试题呢？下面我们通过具体实例对短文填空的解题技巧加以说明。1.通读全文，弄清短文大意。这一步是做好此类试题的根本，我们没有掌握短文的意思就不能写出正确答案。解答此类试题时我们应该先越过空格，通读全文，通过我们掌握的基本常识和逻辑思维了解文章的大意，理清文章的脉络，同事还要注意某些与空格有关的关键信息，为填写空格打好基础。例如：Thisweek,myfamilytriedtosaveelectricity.Weneverleftthelightsonwhenleavingtherooms.WeswitchedofftheTVwhenwaswatchingit.Mumonlyusedcoldwaterinthewashingmachine.通过阅读，我们知道：我家第一周计划节电，离开屋子时关灯；时关掉电视；洗衣机里使用凉水。显然通过常识我们可以断定：我们关掉电视是在“没人”看电视的情况下，因此该空答案应该是:nobody。再如：Mumusedtoustoschool,butnowmysisterandIhavestartedridingourbikestoschool.It’shardworkbutgoodexercise!Thisweekdadandafewofthepeopleheworkswithalsostartedtogotoworktogetherinonecarandsharethecost.Thisshouldhelpgreenhousegases.!MyfriendandIbecamevolunteersatschool.Wehelpmakeourschoolmoreearth-friendly.阅读此段，我们知道：母亲过去常常我们去学校，但现在我和妹妹开始骑自行车上学，父亲也和很多人乘一辆车上班。通过短文的两处暗示：骑自行车、父亲和很多人乘一辆车上班，我们可以判断妈妈过去是开车送我们去上学，因此答案是drive。该段最后一句的空格则可以根据以上的描述判断这样做的目的是减少(reduce)温室气体。2.复读短文，运用技巧，前后照应，确定答案。掌握了短文的大意，答案就有了把握，然后就是根据一定的技巧和前后信息，确定正确的答案。那么这些技巧是什么呢？①根据句子的语法结构判断所填词是什么词类。②根据上下文判断所填写的单词用什么形式（动词涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词等；形容词和副词涉及比较急等；名词涉及单复数；数词分基数词和序数词等等）。③注意同义词语、形容词与副词等之间的区别。④还要注意某些特殊的语法要求和结构。例如：Westartedrecyclingthisweek.Wetriedtowriteonbothsidesofourpaper,notjustnooneside.Wealsodividedourrubbishintobagsforbottles,cars,paperandfood.Mumkepttheplasticshoppingbagsfromthesupermarkettousethemasrubbishbags.Thesearegreatwaystohelpourenvironment.Westoppedtakinglongbathsandhadshortshowers.Weflushedthetoiletwithusedwater.Whenmumanddadmadeteaorcoffee,theyusedwaterinthekettle(水壶).MysisterandIdidn’tleavethetaprunningwhenwebrushedourteeth.阅读此段文章第一空后面是名词，说明空格处是形容词，根据上下文我们可以填写different，如果我们不考虑这些，而填写了differently等就不会得满分。再譬如第四个空，我们要注意用little的比较级形式less。就如上面的例子中的第一个空，usedto后要求跟动词原形，用错就会丢分。-2-Yolanda英语课堂3.复读检验，消除疏漏。答案基本确定后，我们还要再次阅读全文，认真检查是否存在疏漏，意义是否连贯，语法是否正确，是否符合逻辑，是否存在拼写错误等。由于考试时间有限，很多同学做题时比较快，往往做完后不进行仔细检查，于是会出现不应该发生的错误，这样的丢分非常可惜。强化训练Passage1根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当地词，使短文完整、通顺。Aboutthreeyearsago,Ifeltverylonely.Ididn’tlikemyclassmates,myparentsoranyoneelse.Myclassmatesdidn’twanttotalk1meandmyparentswerealwayssayingthatotherkidswerebetterthanme.IthoughtIwasthe2unluckypersonintheworld.OnedayIhadabigfightwithoneofmyclassmates.Iwassoangry3Ihithimintheface.Justatthatmoment,aboystoodupand4thefight.Hewasmonitorofourclass.Afterthat,heoftenhelpedmeandwebecamegood5.WheneverIgotangryorsad,hewouldhelp6tocooldown.Mylifebegantochangebecauseoftheboy,mybestfriend.Wespentalotofinterestingdaystogether.As7goesby,Ihavebecomehappierwithpeopleandthings.Andit8thatpeoplearoundmehavechanged,too.Myparentsdon’tshoutatme9moreandmyclassmatesbecomefriendlytome.ButnowIcan’toftenseemybestfriendbecauseheisseriously10andisstayinginhospital.HowImissthedayswhenweweretogether!Ihopehewillbeallrightandcomebacktoschoolsoon.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Passage2根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。TangLingoftensmokedcigarettesinhisschool’swashingroom.Hestartedsmoking1theageof14.OnedayhelearntthattheNBAstarYaoMing,anambassador(大使)totheChineseAssociationonTobaccoControl(中国控烟协会),askedpeoplenottosmoke.YaoMingwanTang’sfavoritestar,2hiswordsmeantalothim.Hedecidedto3upsmoking.AccordingtotheChineseAssociationonTobaccoControl,about350millionChinesesmoke.Among4,50millionareteenagers.SunJiangofBeijingUniversitysaid,“Teenagerscangetcigarettes5,especiallywhentheirparentssmokeorshops6cigarettestothem.It’sveryimportant7parentstohelptheirchildrenstopsmoking.A15-year-oldboynamedLiKunfromBeijingsaidhis8didn’tsmoke.Becausetheythoughtsmokingcouldmakepeoplefeelbadlyill,theyonlyallowedhimtoplaywithfriendswithoutsmoking.LivinginsuchagoodfamilyhelpedLisay9tocigarettes.SomeofhissmokingclassmatesoncetoldLithatsmokingmadeboyslook10,butLidisagreed.Hesaid,“Smokingisunhealthyandit’snotcoolatall.Pleasestopsmokingnow!”1.2.3.4.5.-3-Yolanda英语课堂6.7.8.9.10.Passage3根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。Whatcanyoudokeephealthy?Perhapsforchildren,healthyeatingisoneofthemostimportantthings.Herearesomeideasabout1toeathealthily.HavingbreakfastAgoodbreakfastisveryimportanttochildren.It’snecessarytohaveitinthe2.Butsomechildrenoftengotoschool3breakfast,justbecausetheywanttosleepalittlelonger.Rememberthatagoodbreakfastwillhelpyoustudybetter.Havingmilk“MydreamisthatalltheChinesechildrencangethalfakilogramofmilkaday.”TheChinesePremier(总理)WenJiabaosaidthisduringhis4tomilkfarm.Milkisalsoveryimportanttochildren’shealth.Itmakeschildrengrowstronger.It’sbetterforyouto5aglassofwarmmilk6goingtobed.Thatwillhelpyouhaveagoodsleep.HavinghealthyfoodHavinghealthyfoodisthemostimportant.Thatmeanseatinglotsofdifferent7offood,especiallyfruitsandvegetables.Don’teattoomuchchocolate8ice-cream.Somechildren9eatingfastfood,butinfactitisnotgoodfortheirhealth.Trytoeathealthyfoodasmuchas10.Havehealthyeatinghabits,andyouwillhaveastrongbody.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Passage4根据短文内容，在空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、通顺。Earthquakesarehardtopredict,butdoyouknowwhattodobefore,1andafteranearthquake?Hereissomeadvice:BeforeanearthquakeIt’snecessarytoprepare2andyourfamily.Allfamilymembersshouldknowhowtoturnoffgas,waterandelectricityand3usefultelephonenumbers(doctors,hospital,p