美国致密油开发现状及启示

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,,,():,。,、、。,Bakken,EagleFordBarnett。Bakken230×108t,5.9×108t,3.7×108t,20002800×104t;EagleFord,20×104t;Barnett1400×104t,480×104t,、,8000,2009,“”770×104t。,。:;;Bakken;EagleFord;Barnett;;:TE132.2:A,、,,。,—,、,。、、、、、,。,。,。,。1、、。,(50%)“”,,()。2:(≥0.75μm)(0.75μm),。,4%,1×10-6mD,10%,2×10-6mD。Barnett(1)[1],1/400,40(0.38nm),4%~10%,(50~1000)×10-6mD。,,[1-5],Marcellus2%~16%,EagleFord8%~18%。23420118LITHOLOGICRESERVOIRSVol.23No.4Aug.2011:1673-8926(2011)04-0025-06:2011-04-28;:2011-06-09:(:2011ZX05001)。:,1986,,,。:(100083)20。E-mail:Senhu.Lin@gmail.com2342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342([2])Fig.2TightoilbasinsofUnitedStateswithestimatedoilandgasreserves、、、。,,。()。,,。,,、。2,,、、。Bakken,2006USGS()590×108t,Bakken(4.2~6.1)×108t。,,,(2)[2]。3———Bakken,EagleFordBarnett,。2.1Bakken—Bakken,。Bakken,(3)[5],40000km2,5~15m,10%~15%,1mD,。Bakken3:,,8m;—、,,26m;,15m。,[3]。Bakken,,TOC12.1%11.5%[4]。Bakken(OOIP)(280~570)×108t①,1Barnett([1])Fig.1IntraparticleorganicnanoporeswithinBarnettshale(a)(),20nm,2;(b),,,2①PriceLC.Originandcharacteristicsofthebasin-centeredcontinuous-reservoirunconventionaloil-resourcebaseofBakkenSourceSystem,WillistonBasin.Unpublishedmanuscript,1999:282p.Availablefrom:μm(a)(b),,3.7×108t5.43×108t(9.9~21.5)×108t&27×108t&3.1×108t(7~71)×108t//74×108t11×108t&(49~70)×108t102×108t600km030026201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011Bakken1976,BakkenFairway。1987,Bakken,,、、。Bakken,,,[6]。1987,Meridian33-11MOI(ElkhornRanch)Bakken,36t/d8461m3/d,2,Bakken。2090,20,,Bakken,。Fairway,,[12]。1987—2001,Bakken,Bakken[12]。2000,,Bakken,[13]。2007,Bakken110×104t。2008,990×104t。2009,26.4~398.9t/d,1230×104t。2000—2010,Bakken2000,85×104t,2800×104t[14]。20104,1Bakken([12])Table1ExplorationhistoryofBakkenshaleinWillistonBasin,theU.S.3Bakken([5])Fig.3ThelocationofBakkenshale,Willistonbasin:,OOIP850×108t,280×108t[6],Bakken。Bakken(14~570)×108t[7-11]。USGS(2008),Bakken230×108t,6×108t,5.2×108t、51.8×109m3、2100×104t。USGS(2008),Bakken3.7×108t。Bakken2050,(1)[12]。Bakken,1953DakotaAnte-lope,63,BakkenThreeForks;68.7t/d、21.8m3/d,,,29t/d。,Antelope270×104t9×108m3,4.3×104t、1400×104m3。1953Antelope;BakkenThreeForks196141X-5-1ElknornRanch,BillingsNose;Bakken2070BillingsNoseBakken1987Bakken,BillingsNose1996BakkenAlbin;2000Bakken;ElmCoulee2006ParshallElmCoulee0150km75272342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342342344EagleFord([17])Fig.4EagleFordshalehydrocarbonvariabilityandproductivityBrigham,572t/d,13.6×104m3/d。,Bakken。,,Bakken。2000ElmCoulee1165km2,2800×104t,28~270t/d,Bakken20%。2001,RichlanBakken[6]。,Bakken4000,1.85×104t,95~150t(90%、10%),。2.2EagleFordEagleFord,。EagleFordBuda,Austin,[15];80km,640km,51800km2。,EagleFord1200~4500m,30~90m。,,。EagleFordTOC1%~7%,,EagleFord,。20%、67%、7.5%、2.0%~6.5%(,);3.4%~14.6%,2.1%~11.9%;(1~1.5)MPa/100m[16]。EagleFord,(4)[17]。LaSalleCountryEdwards()Sligo()“”。EagleFord(3000~3900m),,Maverick(1500~2550m)。EagleFord,,ChittimArch,,LaSalleCountry。EagleFord,、。,。(11.3~63.1)×108m3,560t/d[16]。EagleFord,。2.3BarnettBarnettFortWorth,12950km2,1800~2700m,60~240m,(70~500)×10-6mD,2%~10%,4.0%~8.0%。,14%(Llano)[17]。Barnett,45%、20%~40%、8%、7%、5%、3%,[18];0.6%~1.6%[18];。Barnett,40°API、、,、。FortWorth,20,2.85×108t,1982×108m3[19]。TOC,。Barnett,[20],45t/d5.34×104m3/d133t/d0.85×104m3/d63t/d6.35×104m3/d29.97km214.16km2121.40km213.76km2/58.68km2105.22km2171t/d11.3×104m3/d60t/d11.30×104m3/d81t/d74t/d1.77×104m3/d22.26km2015km28201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011201120112011,[21]。Barnett1140t。“”Montague,ClayCooke(5)[22]。Barnett,200535001000[23];20066203;20072219,94%,149,6%。,Barnett8000。,Barnett,80%1020t;“”,50%1140t570t[24],80%3570t2140t(2)[25]。2009,Barnett770×104t。USGS(2004),FortWorthBarnett,1400×104t,1500×104t。Barnett116×108m3,88%;920×104t,65%;480×104t②。,Nio-brara、MowryHeath。Niobrara,150t/d、5.2×104m3/d,USGS3067×104t、64×108m3、177×104t。3,,。,、,,;、、、、,,,,,。2060,、、、、、、、。42.66t/d,103×104t;320,30,110t/d;();31×108t。,,,;,,、,、。/%/t1Parker2Montague80102002102803570200000710507000577108010201414011421402Barnett([25])Table2Barnetttightoilproductionbywelltype5Barnett①([22])Fig.5Barnettshalewelllocationsandproducingareasoutlines①HPDI.ProductionData.Austin,TX,HPDIProductionDataApplication,2008.②USGS.AssessmentofUndiscoveredOilandGasResourcesoftheBendArch-FortWorthBasinProvinceofNorth-CentralTexasandSouthwesternOklahoma,2003.:212N25050km29234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234234,、、。:[1]LoucksRG,ReedRM,RuppelSC,etal.Morphology,Genesis,anddistributionofnanometer-scaleporesinSiliceousMudstonesoftheMississippianBarnettShale[J].JournalofSedimentaryResearch,2009,79(12):848-861.[2]DanielA,BrainB,BobbiJC,etal.Evaluatinimplicationofhydr-aulicfracturinginshalegasreservoirs[C].SPEAmericasE&PEnvironmentalandSafetyConference:SanAntonio,Texas,2009.[3]WebsterRL.PetroleumsourcerocksandstratigraphyofBakkenFor-mationinNorthDakota(in1984AAPGRockyMountainSectionmeeting,Anonymous)[J].AAPGBulletin,19

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