工程与环境研究中的电法成像勘探方法(英文)

Copyright(1999-2001)M.H.LokeElectricalimagingsurveysforenvironmentalandengineeringstudiesApracticalguideto2-Dand3-DsurveysCopyright(1997-2001)byDr.M.H.Lokeemail:[e-mail]@hotmail.com(Allrightsreserved)iiCopyright(1999-2001)M.H.LokeCopyrightanddisclaimernoticeTheauthor,M.H.Loke,retainsthecopyrighttothissetofnotes.Usersmayprintacopyofthenotes,butmaynotalterthecontentsinanyway.Thecopyrightnoticesmustberetained.Forpublicdistribution,priorapprovalbytheauthorisrequired.Itishopedthattheinformationprovidedwillproveusefulforthosecarryingout2-Dand3-Dfieldsurveys,buttheauthorwillnotassumeresponsibilityforanydamageorlosscausedbyanyerrorsintheinformationprovided.Ifyoufindanyerrors,pleaseinformmebyemailandIwillmakeeveryefforttocorrectitinthenextedition.Youcandownloadtheprogramsmentionedinthetext(RES2DMOD,RES2DINV,RES3DMOD,RES3DINV)fromthefollowingWebsiteswww.abem.sewww.agiusa.comwww.geometrics.comwww.geoelectrical.comwww.iris-instruments.comM.H.LokeOctober2000iiiCopyright(1999-2001)M.H.LokeTableofContents1.Introductiontoresistivitysurveys11.1Introduction11.2Traditionalresistivitysurveys11.3Therelationshipbetweengeologyandresistivity32.2-Delectricalimagingsurveys52.1Introduction52.2Fieldsurveymethod-instrumentationandfieldprocedure52.3Pseudosectiondataplottingmethod82.4Forwardmodelingprogramexercise82.5Advantagesanddisadvantagesofthedifferentarrays102.5.1Wennerarray112.5.2Dipole-dipolearray142.5.3Wenner-Schlumbergerarray152.5.4Pole-polearray152.5.5Pole-dipolearray172.5.6High-resolutionsurveyswithoverlappingdatalevels182.5.7Summary192.6Computerinterpretation192.6.1Datainputandformat192.6.2Guidelinesfordatainversion202.7Fieldexamples242.7.1Agriculturalpollution-Aarhus,Denmark242.7.2Odarslovdyke-Sweden252.7.3Undergroundcave-Texas,U.S.A.252.7.4Landslide-CangkatJering,Malaysia272.7.5Oldtarworks-U.K.272.7.6Holesinclaylayer-U.S.A.272.7.7MagusiRiverorebody-Canada292.7.8Marineunderwatersurvey-U.S.A.312.7.9Time-lapsewaterinfiltrationsurvey-U.K.312.7.10Cross-boreholesurvey-U.K.342.7.11WennerGammaarraysurvey-Nigeria.352.7.12Mobileunderwatersurvey-Belgium.363.3-DElectricalImagingSurveys383.1Introductionto3-Dsurveys383.2Arraytypesfor3-Dsurveys383.2.1Pole-polearray383.2.2Pole-dipolearray403.2.3Dipole-dipolearray403.2.4Summary403.33-Droll-alongtechniques413.43-Dforwardmodelingprogram413.5Datainversion433.6Examplesof3-Dfieldsurveys463.6.1Birminghamfieldtestsurvey-U.K.463.6.2Septictanksurvey-Texas483.6.3Sludgedeposit-Sweden48Acknowledgments51ivCopyright(1999-2001)M.H.LokeReferences52AppendixADataformatfordipole-dipole,pole-dipoleandWenner-Schlumbergerarrays.54AppendixBTopographicmodelling56AppendixCInversionmethod58AppendixDStatisticaldatafiltering60vCopyright(1999-2001)M.H.LokeListofFiguresFigurePageNumber1.Aconventionalfourelectrodearraytomeasurethesubsurfaceresistivity.12.Commonarraysusedinresistivitysurveysandtheirgeometricfactors.23.Thethreedifferentmodelsusedintheinterpretationofresistivitymeasurements.34.Atypical1-DmodelusedintheinterpretationofresistivitysoundingdatafortheWennerarray.45.Thearrangementofelectrodesfora2-Delectricalsurveyandthesequenceofmeasurementsusedtobuildupapseudosection.66.Theuseoftheroll-alongmethodtoextendtheareacoveredbyasurvey.77.Theapparentresistivitypseudosectionsfrom2-Dimagingsurveyswithdifferentarraysoverarectangularblock.98.Thesensitivitypatternsforthe(a)Wenner(b)Wenner-Schlumbergerand(c)dipole-dipolearrays.129.Twodifferentarrangementsforadipole-dipolearraymeasurementwiththesamearraylengthbutwithdifferent“a”and“n”factorsresultinginverydifferentsignalstrengths.1410.AcomparisonoftheelectrodearrangementandpseudosectiondatapatternfortheWennerandWenner-Schlumbergerarrays.1611.Thesensitivitypatternforthepole-polearray.1612.Theforwardandreversepole-dipolearrays.1713.Exampleofinversionresultsusingthesmoothness-constrainandrobustinversionmodelconstrains.2114.Anexampleofafielddatasetwithafewbaddatapoints.2215.Subdivisionofthesubsurfaceintorectangularblockstointerpretthedatafroma2-Dimagingsurveyusingdifferentalgorithms.2416.(a)TheapparentresistivitypseudosectionfortheGrundforLine2surveywith(b)theinterpretationmodelsection.2517.TheobservedapparentresistivitypseudosectionfortheOdarslovdykesurveytogetherwithaninversionmodel.2618.TheobservedapparentresistivitypseudosectionfortheStingCavesurveytogetherwithaninversionmodel.2619.(a)TheapparentresistivitypseudosectionforasurveyacrossalandslideinCangkatJeringand(b)theinterpretationmodelforthesubsurface.2820.(a)Theapparentresistivitypseudosectionfromasurveyoveraderelictindustrialsite,andthe(b)computermodelforthesubsurface.2821.(a)Apparentresistivitypseudosectionforthesurveytomapholesinthelowerclaylayer.(b)Inversionmodeland(c)sensitivityvaluesofmodelblocksusedbytheinversionprogram.2922.MagusiRiverorebody.(a)Apparentresistivitypseudosection,(b)resistivitymodelsection,(c)apparentmetalfactorpseudosectionand(d)metalfactormodelsection.3023.(a)Themeasuredapparentresistivitypseudosection,(b)thecalculatedapparentresistivitypseudosectionforthe(c)modelsectionfromanun