新版人教版八年级上英语3-4单元知识点

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Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.1,比较级,最高级变化规则一般在词尾+er或est;以e结尾的加r或st;重读闭音节双写辅音字母+er或est;辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i+er或est;多音节词和部分双音节词,加more或most。不规则变化见书本P1142,比较级用法基本句型:主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象两者相比较用比较级eg:Whodoyouthinkismoreoutgoing,LilyorLucy?Very,more,quite,so,too等修饰原级;much,alittle,alot,abit,far,even等修饰比较级eg:I’mmuch/alittle/alot/abit/farmoreoutgoingthanmysister.I’mevenworsenow.不能与人或事物自身相比较eg:Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.比较对象要一致(that代替不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数,所有格,ones)eg:TheweatherinHarbinismuchcolderthanthatinWuhan.ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.MybikeisnewerthanTom’s.比较级中出现ofthetwo/twins结构时,adj比较级前要+the,不可用thanEg:Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.“get/become+比较级+and+比较级”表示“变得越来越……”(多音节或部分双音节用“moreandmore+原级)Eg:Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.You’regettingmoreandmorebeautiful.“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”表示“越……,就越……”Eg:Themoreyouexercise,thestrongeryouwillbe.“As…as”中间接原级,表示“与…一样”,否定为“notas/so…as”表示“不如”Eg:Heisastallashisfather.Heisnotas/sotallashisfather.“比较级+than”(more/less+原级+than)与“notas/so…as”可以互换Eg:I’mtallerthanyou.ChineseismoreimportantthanBiology.You’reshorterthanme.BiologyislessimportantthanChineseYou’renotas/sotallasme.Biologyisnotas/soimportantasChinese比……大/多/长/宽几倍,用“主语+be+……times+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg:Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyours.重几斤,高几公分,大几岁……,用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg:I’msixyearsolderthanyou.3,loudly大声地,响亮地(多含噪音之意)aloud大声地,出声地(强调出声)readaloudcallaloudforhelploud大声地,高声地,常与speak,shout,laugh,talk连用响亮的,大声的loudvoice4,fast强调速度快run/drivefastquickly强调动作、行动快soon强调时间间隔短5,competition体育,书法,朗读,音乐等比赛match体育竞技比赛,球类比赛race速度方面的竞赛,赛跑,赛龙舟等6,win+比赛,奖项beat+人,团队7,ago以前,用于一般过去时,放在一段时间后before在……以前,通常用于完成时,放在时间点或事件之前8,thesameas→bedifferentfrombesimilarto=belike9,begoodat+V-ing=dowellin擅长于begoodfor对…有益(bebadfor对…有害)begoodto对…友好(good可用friendly,nice,kind替换)begoodwith和…相处好=geton/alongwellwith10,true/truly指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/really指人或事客观存在,不是想象的11,takecareof=lookafter照顾carefor照料、关心某人,喜欢某人、某物careabout关心,计较,在乎12,makesbdosthmakesb/sth+adjmakemehappymakesb+n.Wemadehimmonitor.makesb+过去分词Shespokealoudtomakeherselfheard.makeit约定时间,做成某事,及时抵达Let’smakeitat10:00.Don’tworry.He’llmakeit.13,both位置:行前be后bothofthem/us=they/webothboth作主语,谓语动词用复数notboth为部分否定,全部否定要用either…not或者neitherboth…and…=notonly…but(also)…否定为:neither…nor14,bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎bepopularin/at在某地受欢迎15,itis+adj+forsb+todosth(adj修饰todosth)ItisimportantformetolearnEnglish.itis+adj+ofsb+todosth(adj修饰sb)Itiskind/friendly/niceofyoutohelpme.16,bringout使显现出17,sharesthwithsb和某人分享18,other“其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=othersanother“又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。theother“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,“one…theother…”表示“一个…,另一个…”19,heartlearnsthbyheart用心记loseheart灰心20,breakthelaw/rules/worldrecord违法/违规/打破世界纪录Breakoff打断breakawayfrom摆脱,脱离breakinto破门而入breakin插嘴Breakdown出故障breakout爆发breakup散火breakone’swords食言Haveabreak/rest休息会儿21,laugh发笑laughat嘲笑Smile微笑smileat对…微笑22,定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有:that,who(whom,whose),which;关系副词(在定语从句中只能作状语,且不能省略)有:when,where,why等。关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素:(1)先行词是什么(2)先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。●关系代词(that,who,which,whose,whom)引导的定语从句。①that/who在从句中作主语,先行词为人。Eg:Thegirlthat/whoisreadingismysister.②that/which在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为物。Eg:Thebookthat/whichisonthedeskbelongstoTom.(主)Hecamebackforthebookthat/whichhehadforgotten.(宾)③whose在从句中作定语,先行词为人或物。Eg:Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.Thatisthegirlwhosemotherdiedtwoyearsago.④whom/that在从句中作宾语,先行词为人。Eg:Thegirlwhom/thatIspoketoismycousin.●关系副词(when/where/why)引导的定语从句。①When在从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的词(day/year/season等)。例如:我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。Ishallneverforgettheday______IjoinedtheLeague.解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。ThePLAmencomeatthetime________thepeopleneedthemmost.②Where在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的词(place/town/home/house)例如:你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗?Doyoustillremembertheplace____wefirstmet?近来你去过你成长的小城吗?Haveyoubeentothetown_________yougrewuprecently?③Why在从句中作原因状语,其先行词是reason。例如:没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobodyknowsthereason____________heisoftenlateforschool23,callsbat+电话号码24,information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料(侧重内容)news【UC】广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息(强调新鲜、及时)apieceofnewsmessage【C】口信、短信、信息(强调传递)takeamessageforsbleaveamessagetosb25,whodoyouthinkshouldgetthejob?=inyouropinion,whoshouldgetthejob?Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?1,最高级的用法●用于三者或三者以上的比较eg:Whichdoyoulikebest,Chinese,MathorEnglish?●“oneof+最高级+n.复数”表示“最…之一”Eg:LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.●“the+序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在…范围内…是第几…”Eg:HainanisthesecondlargestislandinChina.●先行词被最高级或序数词修饰,只能用that引导定语从句Eg:Mycousinisthefunniestperson(that)Iknow.Thisisthefirstletter(that)Ireceivedfrommysister.●Ofall+n.复数;ofthe+数(≥3)+n.复数;in/at+地点2,Comfortv.使舒适,安慰comfortableadj.舒适的(→uncomfortable)comfortablyadv.舒适地3,Voice嗓音(说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声)inalowvoice小声地Noise杂音Sound任何可以听到的声音4,becloseto靠近5,choose-chosechoosefrom从…中选择choosetodosth选择做某事6,CanIaskyousome/afewquestions?7,Welcometo+地点8,Sofar=untilnow=uptonow至今为止9,Around/nearhere=intheneighborhood10,thanksfor+n/V-ingThanksforyourhelp/thanksforhelpingme.Thanksforyourinvitation/thanksforinviti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