权利意志--the-will-to-power

TheWillToPower权利意志FriedrichWilhelmNietzsche(October15,1844–August25,1900)Bylinglingjiang江玲玲1)thewriter:Nietzsche’slifeandNietzsche’smainworks2)whatthebookistalkingabout?3)goodsentences4)thebook’sinfluences1)Thewriter:Nietzsche’slifeFriedrichWilhelmNietzschewasa19th-centuryGermanphilosopherandclassicalphilologist古典语言学家Hisfatherisapriest,andNietzscheisbroughtupinareligion-coloredenvironmentNietzsche’schildhoodisveryunfortunateandlonely;hisfamilymembersdiedonebyoneinhisveryearlyages.Whenhewasonly24yearsold，Nietzschereceivedaremarkableoffertobecomeaprofessorofclassicalphilology古典语言学attheUniversityofBasel巴塞尔.Howeverin1879,afterasignificantdeclineinhealth,NietzschehadtoresignhispositionatBasel.Hestartedhisten-yearwandering漫游In1889,hewasinsane精神病的becauseofnotbeingunderstood,itlastedfortenyearsuntilhisdeathin1900Nietzsche’smainworksTheBirthofTragedy(1872)Human,AllTooHuman(1878;additionsin1879,1880)TheGayScience(1882)ThusSpokeZarathustra(1883–1885)《查拉图斯特拉如是说》、BeyondGoodandEvil(1886)OntheGenealogyofMorality(1887)TwilightoftheIdols(1888)TheAntichrist(1888)TheWilltoPower(unpublishedmanuscripts手稿editedtogetherbyhissister)2)whatthebookistalkingabout?---TheWilltoPower.itprovidesabasisforunderstandingmotivationinhumanbehaviorNietzschethoughtthathumansarealwaysattemptingtoinflict强加theirwillsuponothers.Everyactiontowardanotherindividualstemsfromadeep-downdesiretobringthatpersonunderone‘spowerinonewayoranotherThisrevealedthatallhumanbeingsareultimatelyselfishbynature.Therefore,therearenotrulyaltruistic利他主义actions.Examples:love,praiseorharmingsomeone,motiveisthesame:to施加exertone'swilloverothers.2.thewilltopowerappliestoalllivingthingsThewilltopowerisnot,however,limitedtothepsychology心理ofhumanbeings.Rather,itistheunderlying根本的realityoftheuniverse,。Growth,self-preservation,domination,控制andupwardmobilityaresomeofthebasicelementsofthiswill,whicheverythingintheworldexhibitsThebooksuggestingthatadaptationandthestruggletosurviveisasecondarydriveintheevolution进化ofanimals,lessimportantthanthedesiretoexpandone’spower3.Nietzsche'sreactionagainstSchopenhauerSchopenhauer----theentireuniverseandeverythinginitasdrivenbyawilltolive,thusresultinginallcreatures'desiretoavoiddeathandtoprocreate.Nietzsche-----peopleandanimalsaim—somethingnecessarytopromoteone'spowerlivinginitselfappearsonlyasasubsidiary次要的4.Conceptsofgood,bad,happiness.Hedefinedtheconceptsofgood,bad,andhappinessinrelationtothewilltopower.Whatisgood?—Allthatheightensthefeelingofpower,thewilltopower,poweritselfinman.Whatisbad?—Allthatproceedsfromweakness.Whatishappiness?—Thefeelingthatpowerincreases—thataresistanceisovercome.3)goodsentencesMyideaisthateveryspecificbodystrivestobecomemasteroverallspaceandtoextenditsforce(--itswilltopower:)andtothrustbackallthatresistsitsextension.Anythingwhichisalivingandnotadyingbody，itwillstrivetogrow,spread,seize,becomepredominant-notfromanymoralityorimmoralitybutbecauseitislivingandbecauselifesimplyiswilltopower...‘Exploitation’.剥削..belongstotheessence本质ofwhatlives,asabasicorganicfunction;itisaconsequenceofthewilltopower,whichisafterall归根到底thewilltolife.4)Nietzsche’sinfluencesNietzsche‘sinfluenceremainssubstantial本质withinandbeyondphilosophy哲学,notably尤其inexistentialism存在主义andpostmodernism.后现代主义Germanmilitarists军事家foundpronouncements宣告suchasNotcontentment,butmorepower;notpeaceatall,butwar...useful.Besides,ManypoliticalleaderswereatleastsuperficiallyfamiliarwithNietzsche‘sideas,e.g.Hitler.希特勒Actually,theNazismadeveryselectiveuseofNietzsche’sphilosophy