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细胞生物学cellbioloyy细胞形态学cytomorPhology细胞化学cvtochemistry医学细胞生物学medicalcellbiology细胞生理学CytOPhysiOIOgy细胞动力学cytodynamics分子细胞生物学molecularcellbiology细胞遗传学cytogenetics细胞学说celltheory光学显微镜lightmicroscope超薄切片ultrathinsection细胞培养cellculture荧光显微镜fluorescencemicroscope显微结构microscopicstructure原代培养Primaryculture相差显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope超微结构ultrastructure传代培养subculture倒置显微镜invertedmicroscope共焦激光扫描显微镜confocallaserscanningmicroscoPe，CLSM接触抑制contactinhibiton暗视野显微镜darkfieldmicroscope冷冻蚀刻复型freezeetchingrePlica非细胞体系cellfreesystem电子显微镜clectronmicroscope冷冻割断freezefracture差速离心dfferentialcentifugation透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope，TEM原生质ProtoPlasm肽键peptidebond非膜相结构non-membranousstructure生物大分子biologicalmacromolecule磷酸二酯键PhosPhodiesterbond细胞骨架cytoskeleton蛋白质ProteinDNAdeoxyribonucleicacid核酸nucleicacid原核细胞prokaryoticcell糖类sugars真核细胞eukaryQticcell脂类lipid膜相结构membranousstructure氢键hydrogenbond细胞膜cellmembrance细胞表面cellsurface细胞外被cellcoat膜内在蛋白integralProtein膜外周蛋白peripheralprotein跨膜蛋白transmembraneprotein蛋白聚糖proteoglycan生物膜biomembran兼性分子amphipathicmolecule单位膜unitmembrane流动镶嵌模型findmosaicmodel膜转运蛋白membranetransportprotein载体蛋白carrierprotein通道蛋白channelprotein离子泵ionicpump钠钾泵Na+－K+pump钙泵Ca2+pump主动转运activetransport被动转运passivetransport细胞内膜系统cellendomembranesystem自噬体autoPhagosome残质体residualbody粒溶作用granulgsis自溶作用autocytolysis异噬作用heteroPhagy顶体acrosome初级溶酶体primarylysosome次级溶酶体secondarylysosome信号肽signalpeptideSRPsignalrecognitionparticle蛋白质糖基化proteinglycosylation多聚核糖体polyribosome肌质网sarcoplasmicreticulum内网器internalreticularapparatu膜流membraneflow线粒体mitochondria线粒体嵴mitochondriacristae基本微粒elementaryparticle半自主性细胞器semiautonomousorganelleF1偶联因子F1factor呼吸链respiratorychainmtDNAmitochondrialDNA细胞呼吸ellularrespiration三羧酸循环tricarboxylicacidcycle氧化磷酸化oxidativephosphorylation细胞骨架cytoskeleton微管microtubule微管结合蛋白microtubulecombinedProtein微管组织中心microtubuleorganizingcenters，MTOC微丝microfilament肌动蛋白actin肌球蛋白myosin中等纤维intermediatefilament纺锤体spindle中心体centrosome9X2十2型9X2＋2type细胞核nucleus核质比nucleo-cytoplasmiCratio核孔复合体nuclearPorecomPlex核纤层nuclearlamina染色体chromosome核小体nucleosome常染色质euchromatin异染色质heterochromatin染色单体chromatid着丝粒centromere次缢痕secondaryconstriction随体satellite核基质nuclearmatrix核型karyotype核仁nucleolus核仁组织区nucleolarorganizingregion，NOR翻译translation遗传密码geneticcode密码子codon多聚核糖体polyribosome起始复合物initiationcomplex起始因子initiationfactor延伸因子elongationfactor释放因子releasefactor核糖体ribosome核糖体循环ribosotne、ycleA位aminoacylsite，AsiteP位PePtidylsite，Psite肽基转移酶位PePtidyltransferasesiteGTP酶位GTPasesite游离核糖体freeribosome附着核糖体attachedribosome密码子简并性codondeyeneracy细胞周期cellcycle有丝分裂mitosis限制点restrictionpoint有丝分裂间期interphase分裂期mitosisphase细胞核周期nuclearPhase细胞分裂周期基因celldivisioncyclegene，cdcgeneDNA合成期DNAsynthesisPhaseDNA合成前期gapDNA合成后期gapE有丝分裂器mitoticapparatus前期prophase中期metaphase后期anaphase末期telophase着丝点kinetochore纺锤体sPindle极间微管polarmicrotubule着丝点微管kinetochoremicrotubule区间微管interzonalmicrotubule细胞分化celldifferentiation去分化dedifferentiation基因差次表达genedifferentialexpression胚胎诱导embryonicinduction奢侈基因luxurygene管家基因house－keePinggene干细胞stemcell全能性totipotent多能细胞pluripotentcell单能细胞unipotentcell癌基因oncogene细胞衰老cellaging细胞死亡celldeath自由基freeradical细胞坏死性死亡necrosis分辨率resolution光学显微镜lightmicroscope细胞培养cellculture细胞融合cellfusion悬浮培养suspensioculture悬滴培养hangingdropculture原代培养primaryculture继代培养secondaryculture连续培养continuousculture显微分光光度计microspectrophotometer蛋白质protein氨基酸aminoacid肽链peptidechain肽键peptidebond酶enzyme核酸nucleicacid核糖ribose脱氧核糖deoxyribose核苷nucleoside生物大分子biologicalmacromolecule病毒virus支原体mycoplasma单位膜unitmembrane原核细胞prokaryoticcell原核生物prokaryote真核细胞eukaryoticcell真核细胞eukaryote细胞表面cellsurface液态镶嵌模型fluidmosaicmodel微绒毛microvillus纤毛cilia鞭毛flagellum闭锁连接occludingjunction黏合连接adheringjunction通讯连接communicatingjunction细胞外基质extracellularmatrix被动运输passivetransport主动运输activetransport易化扩散facilitateddiffusion协同运输coupledtransport胞吞作用endocytosis胞饮作用pinocytosis胞吐作用exocytosis吞噬作用phagocytosis膜受体membranereceptor细胞识别cellrecognition信号转导signaltransduction膜抗原membraneantigen细胞质基质cytoplasmicmatrix内膜系统endomembranesystem内质网endoplasmicreticulumER光面：SER糙面：RER高尔基复合体Golgicomplex扁平囊saccule初级溶酶体primarylysosome次级溶酶体secondarylysosome自噬性溶酶体autolysosome异噬性溶酶体heterolysosome过氧化物酶体peroxisome跨膜运输acrossmembranetransport囊泡运输vesiclestransport内膜系统endomembranesystem运输小泡transportvesicle信号肽signalpeptide自溶作用autolysis外膜outermembrane内膜innermembrane线粒体mitochondrion嵴cristae导肽leadingpeptide细胞氧化celloxidation呼吸链respiratorychain氧化磷酸化oxidativephosphorylation核糖体ribosome结构蛋白质structuralprotein输出蛋白质exportprotein信号识别颗粒signalrecognitionparticle,SRP细胞骨架cytoskeleton微管microtubule微丝microfilament中间纤维intermediatefilament核孔复合体nuclearporecomplex,NPC染色质chromatin染色体chromosome核小体nucleosome端粒telomere核基质neclearmatrix断裂基因splitgene转录transcription有丝分裂mitosis减数分裂meiosis无丝分裂联会synapsis细胞周期cellcycle细胞分化celldifferentiation细胞全能性totipotency奢侈基因luxurygene管家基因housekeepinggene去分化dedifferentiation细胞衰老cellularaging细胞死亡celldeath细胞调亡apoptosis凋亡小体apoptoticbody干细胞stemcell胚胎干细胞embryonicstemcell成体干细胞somaticstemcell全能干细胞totipotentstemcell多能干细胞pluripotentstemcell单能干细胞unipotentstemcell癌细胞cancer细胞培养cellculture细胞系cellline