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▐需要掌握知识：▐1.定义▐2.关系词的分类及用法▐3.that和which用法比较▐4.特殊定语从句▐AttributiveClause（定语从句）▐一：概念▐在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why▐二：引导词通常有三个作用：▐1.引导定语从句；▐2.指代先行词；▐3.在定语从句中充当句子成分。▐Thebookthatyoureferredtoismine.1.Thegirl_______issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt_(_________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/that)(that/which)who/that(that/whom)注意：1关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分。2当关系代词充当动词和介词的宾语时可省略，但如果介词提前的话，不可以用that,而且不可以省略。3定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致注意：oneof+名词的复数theonly/thejust/thevery+oneof+名词复数。4定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。5非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。关系代词的功能：Who指人做主语Whom指人作宾语That指人也指物，做主语也做宾语Which指物，做主语也做宾语Whose指人也指物，做定语，强调所属关系When指时间，做时间状语Where指地点，做地点状语Why指原因，做原因状语例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)那个站在树底下的女生是我同桌。那个曾经伤了我的自尊的男生在那边。Thegirlwho/thatisstandingunderthetreeismydeskmate.Theboywho/thathurtmyprideonceisoverthere.例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(whom/that)指人:whom/that(宾语,可省略)你所提到的那个老师已经退休。你所关心的那个男生犟得像头驴。Theteacher(that/whom)youreferredtohasretired.Theboy(that/whom)youcaredaboutisasstubbornasadonkey.例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)属于我的那本书很贵重。正在被建造的的学校是我们的新学校。‘Thebookwhich/thatbelongstomeisvaluable.Theschoolwhich/thatisbeingrepairedisournewschool.例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)我所喜欢的科目是地理。我不擅长的语法是定语从句。Thesubject(that/which)Iamfondofisgeography.Thegrammar(that/which)Iamnotgoodatistheattributiveclause.1.正在打篮球的男生们来自一年级。TheboysarefromGradeOne.who/thatareplayingbasketball2.照顾我姐姐的护士很善良。Thenurseiskind.who/thatlooksaftermysisterWewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.3.我们观看那部戏是由老舍写的茶馆。4.你昨天所见的那个年轻人是个著名的作家。Theyoungman(whom/that)yousawyesterdayisafamouswriter.5.一听到那个消息，那个名字叫Tom的男生刚才潸然泪下。6.封皮是蓝色的那本书不见了。7.这就是我出生的村庄。8.我永远不会忘记我哥哥参军的那一天。9.你相信他迟到的理由吗？5.Atthesoundofthenews,theboywhosenameisTomburstintotearsjustnow.6.Thebookwhosecoverisblueismissing.7.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn.8.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenmybrotherjoinedthearmy.9.Doyoubelievethereasonwhyhewaslate?1.Whose在引导定语从句时，用作定语。。指人时：=the+n+ofwhom=ofwhom+the+n指物时：=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+nDoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?→Doyouknowthemanthenameofwhom/ofwhomthenameisWangYu?Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred.→Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhich/ofwhichtheroofisred.1.Thestudent______fatherworksinthefactoryissittingthere.2.Iliketherooms______windowsfacesouth.3.Thisisthedesk______legswerebroken.请问同学们：你能用别的方式改写吗？whosewhosewhose1.Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman____husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB2.Lastweek，wewatchedBeijingOpera，________stylewasunfamiliartomostofus.A．whatB．whichC．whereD．whoseD3.Manychildren，________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A．theirB．whoseC．ofthemD．withwhomB2.只用Which引导的定语从句。常规情况下：which在从句做主语或宾语，但介词提前时，只用which。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.(主语）Thisisthebook(which/that)youwant.（宾语）Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.（宾语）注意：①whom,which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.②which还可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子或者某个词。1.Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.2.Shewasawardedagoldmedal,whichthewholefamilyconsideredagreathonor.3.Sheisalwayslateforclass,whichmakestheteacherangry.3、由that引导的定语从句。常规情况下：that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语。但：1.that不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy.(×)Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.(√)Thisistheschool(which/that)youwillstudyin.(√)2.that也不可以引导非限制性定语从句。1.WewenttoMountainTailastweekend，________，notsurprisingly，wascrowdedwithvisitors.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．When2.Therearealtogetherfiftysixstudentsinourclass，________isanewcomerfromafarawaymountainvillage.A．themosthardworkingofwhoB．ofwhomthemosthardworkingC．themosthardworkingofthemD．butthemosthardworkingofwhomBB★注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。⑴先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth.当先行词是all,everybody,nobody,anybody等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选用who连接主从句。Anybodywhorefusedtobowwasthrownintoprisonwithouttrial.Everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere.⑵先行词被序数词、thelast或形容词的最高级所修饰。ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.⑶先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.⑷先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑸先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.⑹当句中已有who或which时，为避免重复。WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?Whichisthebook(that)youwant?⑺如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which/who，则另一个用that.Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen.Imetthepoetwhowrotethepoemthatispopular.8.当先行词在主句中作表语，引导词在定语从句中做表语时。Chinaisnolongerthecountry___it