顾家北翻译100句练习(10.30最新版本)

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词性可以充当的成分例句名词(noun)主语Happinessisimportanttous宾语Wepursuehappinessinourlives.同位语Wepursuemanythings,suchashappiness,inourlives.定语Distanceeducationisbeneficialtothosewhohaveaheavyworkload.表语Mysisterisanurse.宾补Legislationshouldmakedrinkdrivingacriminaloffence.动词(verb)不及物动词vi谓语ShetravelsaroundAsiaeveryyear.及物动词vt谓语Shefoundajoblastyear.动名词gerund和不定式(这些词其实和名词差不多,充当类似的成分)主语Travellingisagoodwaytorest.Totraveloverseasisimportant.(但是这个时候,一般是会用形式主语)宾语Sheenjoystravellingverymuch.Iwanttotraveloverseas.表语HerhobbyistravellingaroundAsia.Thepurposeofdoingthisjobistomakemoney.现在分词(现在分词其实有点象形容词)定语ManyChinesestudentschoosetostudyinEnglish-speakingcountries.状语TravellingaroundAsia,sheisfamiliarwithmanycountries’cultures.表语Theeffectisdevastating.过去分词(过去分词其实有点象形容词)定语Studentsfromdisadvantagedfamiliesarenotconfident.表语I'minterestedinthislanguage.补语Ihadmyhaircutlastweek.状语Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.形容词(adjective)(形容词大部分情况下和现在分词、过去分词差不多,充当定语、表语、宾补还有状语)定语Theyellowsweaterismine.表语Minesweaterisyellow宾补Iwanttocolorthesweateryellow.状语Iarrivedhome,hungryandcold.形容词如果前面加上THE,这样又变成类似于名词的东西主语Thenewwillreplacetheold.宾语Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.副词(adverb)状语Hewasdrivingratherfast.介词的宾语Ihavegotagiftfromabroad.表语Wearebehindinourplan.代词(pronoun)人称代词主语、宾语Ilikeher,andIenjoylivingwithher.表语Theonewhobrokentheglassisher.介词的宾语Don’tforgettoreplytomebyemail.形容词性物主代词定语Yourbookisonthetable.名词性物主代词主语Mineisontheshelf.宾语Iwilltakeminealongwithmetoday.of连接的定语Thebookwithablackcoverisanotheroneofmine.表语Thebookinthebagishers指示代词主语It/this/thatisalovelystory.宾语Thereisaproblemaboutthecomputer,Iwillsettleit.表语Whoisthatspeaking定语These/thoseclothsareoldfashioned.介词(preposition)虚词不能单独成为句子成分,一般以介宾短语的形式出现表语Thestoryisabouthisownlife.定语Hetoldusthereasonforbeinglate.状语Thereisanewbridgeacrosstheriver.补语Wemustbeartheknowledgeinmind.冠词的使用如果名词是可数名词选择1:复数Studentshavetostudymanysubjectstoday.可数名词的复数如果前面加定冠词THE,往往是特指Thesubjectshestudiedarerelatedtolaw.(特指他所学的课程)选择2:不定冠词Englishisanimportantsubject.选择3:定冠词the(很多时候是特指)Hebringsabookwhereverhegoes.(他去哪里都带着书,可能是任何一本书)Hebringsthebookwhereverhegoes.(是一本特定的书)选择4:零冠词(可能是固定的搭配)Everystudenthastheopportunitytogotocollege.如果名词是不可数名词选择1:零冠词Waterisvitaltolife.(世界上的水都是重要的)选择2:定冠词the(特指)Thewaterinthislakeisnowpolluted.(特指这个湖的水)主动被动主+不及物动词Thisproblemexists.无主+系动词+表语Thisisaproblem.无主+及物动词+宾语Ihavefinishedthisjob.Thisjobhasbeenfinished.主+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Thiscompanyhasgivenmeagoodopportunity.Ihavebeengivenagoodopportunity.主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Hissuccesshasencouragedmetofurthermystudy.Ihavebeenencouragedtofurthermystudy.使用方法:自己先翻译一下,对照准确的句子记住句子中出现的词伙,熟悉其用法和语境熟悉基本的句型(里面不少句子是十大基本句子),确保自己在不同语境下可以迅速选择和写出准确的单句注意观察错误的句子,因为这些句子一般都是常见错误,可以提高你对语法错误的敏感最后,如果有兴趣,可以通过复杂句的中文口头翻译一下,不仅熟悉这句话,也可以提高口语表达的能力NB:基础差的同学经常会死背,那样是不会提高的。最好通过翻译提高语法(譬如说分析句子的成分,熟悉单词的词性)翻译1:经常做运动会提高人的自信错误的句子:Exerciseregularlycanriseone'sconfidence.错误1Exercise如果这里是动词,应该用动名词,如果是名词,不能用副词修饰错误2rise不及物动词正确的句子:Regularexercisecanincreaseone'sself-confidence.句子结构:主语+及物动词+宾语(confidence)可以用定语从句扩充:Participatinginsportsfrequentlycanboostpeople'sconfidence,whichisimportantnotonlytotheyouthbutalsototheelderly.注:不可以说“regulardoingexercise”,因为形容词regular不可以修饰doing中文翻译:经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心,这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。翻译2:依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力(mentalarithmetic)。错误的句子:Relyheavilyoncalculatorswillhavenegativeimpactonhumanbeings`mentalarithmetic.错误1rely是动词,不能充当主语错误2impact可数名词,要有冠词。错误3humanbeings多余,不是人类莫非是动物么?正确的句子:Relyingheavilyoncalculatorswillhaveanegativeimpactonmentalarithmetic.句子结构:主语+及物动词+宾语(impact)也可以用现在分词扩充:Theexcessiverelianceoncalculatorsislikelytohaveanadverseimpactonchildren'smentalarithmeticandposeathreattotheirintellectualdevelopment.中文翻译:过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响,对孩子的智力发展有威胁。翻译3:很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里(male-dominatedworld)找工作。错误的句子:Anumberofgirksarenotwillingtohuntingjobsinthemale-dominatedworld错误1willingtodosomething固定搭配错误2anumberof在这里感觉是在某个地方,有一些女孩不愿意做什么。错误3定冠词不恰当,因为世界上男人居多的行业有很多,不可能特指正确的句子:Manygirlsarenotwillingtoseekemploymentinamale-dominatedworld.句子结构:主语+系动词+表语(willing)也可以用状语从句扩充:Numerouswomenareunwillingtofindemploymentinamale-dominatedworldbecausetheycanfacebarrierstotop-levelpromotion.中文翻译:很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作,因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。翻译4:环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。错误的句子:environmentalproblemhasbeenthefocusofpublicconcern.错误1problem可数名词,要加冠词或者复数错误2be是表示“是”的意思,强调状态,要用“become”,强调变化正确的句子:Theenvironmentalproblemhasbecomethefocusofpublicconcern.句子结构:主语+系动词(become)+表语(thefocus)拓展的句子:Theenvironmentalproblemshasbecomethefocusofpublicconcern,forexample,greenhouseemissions.Thatiswhythegovernmentlimitspeopletouseprivatecarsinurbanareas.错误1:同位语“greenhouseemissions”离所修饰名词太远错误2:主谓不一致修改:Environmentalproblemssuchasgreenhousegasemissionshavebecomethefocusofpublicconcernandsomeregulationscanbeenforcedtotackletheseproblems.中文翻译:环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点,因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。翻译5:家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。错误的句子:parentsandteachersshoulddotheireffortstocurbthetimeofwatchingTVonchildren.错误1makeaneffortto固定表达错误2curb一般是抑制某种行为,而不是接time.错误3“watchingTVonchildren”也不通。正确的句子:parentsandteachersshouldmakeanefforttolimitchildren’sscreentime.句子结构:主语(parentsandteachers)+及物动词(make)+宾语(eff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