句子结构分析法巧解语法填空题

语法填空是对考生语法和上下文的语境理解的考查;要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、单词拼写和逻辑推理的能力等，对考生来说，难度较大。分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。一、句子的基本结构掌握简单句的基本句型结构：(1)主语+谓语(+宾语+宾补)(2)主语+系动词+表语复合句：主句+从句掌握充当各个句子成分的典型词类：句子成分典型词类主语或宾语谓语补语或表语定语状语名词或代词、动名词、不定式短语动词形容词形容词或形容词性物主代词副词1.(2008广一模)Atthatmomentanattractiveyounglady________noticedmybookcameuptomeandintroduced________.ShesaidhernamewasMissBaiShe…who/thatherself2.(2008年广一模)ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed3.(2008韶关一模)WhileyourIQtellsyouhow__________(intelligence)youare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.intelligent4.(2007东莞一模)Theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_________(excite)footballmatch.5.(2007深圳一模)“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid_______(rude).rudelyexciting6.(2007东莞一模)Thetelevisionviewermakesnochoiceandnojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverything___________(present)tohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.presented掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有四类：(1)并列句:(2)状语从句:(3)定语从句:(4)名词性从句:and,but,or,while(而，却),when(就在这个时候)等。if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,sothat等。who,which,that,when,where,why等。that,if/whether(是否),wh-等词。7.(2007广一模)…ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore_______Iworkedpart-timeandboughtheranexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.8.(2007深圳二模)Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname______Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.wherewhen二、运用句子结构分析法解题在解答语法填空题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，若再结合语境就可以很快得出具体的词语或词形。请看下面的例题。通过语感解题。Dopaperexercise从上述解题过程可以看出，80%的题目可以用句子结构分析法解答，但要得出最终答案，还需综合考虑以下两个点：(1)语境因素。要根据上下文的意思、逻辑关系、前后词语的搭配关系来确定所填词语的语境意义，进而确定要填的词语。(2)一致关系。要考虑主谓一致、时态一致、指称一致等，才能确定所填词语的具体词形。针对这一考查方式，备考复习时要达到以下几个基本要求：(1)对于连词、介词、关系代词、关系副词等，不仅要理解它们的意思，还要熟记它们，在考试时能准确、快速地提取它们。(2)对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法。(3)对于句子，要能够分析其结构，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性。(4)对于单词，不仅要背诵其意义和拼写，还好掌握基本的词形变换。practiceHomework英语《2008年..零距离突破》P35实战操练1-3篇ThankyouThirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese1(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas2neighbor.Yet3ofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.JohnBarleyandBibFatanewentbeyondtheheadlinestoresearchintothe4whypeopledidn’tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps5hecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatitis6emergency(紧急情况).Isthesmokecomingintotheroom7aleakintheairconditioning?Isit“steampipes”?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?It’snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,and8important,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonally9(responsibility).Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,10thepersonwon’tgetthehelpheneeds.Thirteen-year-oldAndrewwillneverforgetthatSaturday.Hewasrelaxingonhisfamily’ssofawithhissister,Susan.Suddenlytheheaterexploded.Hissister,whowasunhurt,managedtopull36awayfromthefire37hismumdialedforanambulance.38ambulancesoonarrivedandrushedhimtoChildren’sHospital39hewasoperatedonimmediately.DoctorstoldhismumtherewaslittlechanceofAndrewbeingabletowalkagain.Thedamagetohisbodywassobadandthecutsinhislegssodeepthatthe40(operate)took11hours.Afteracoupleofweeks,he41(allow)togohomebuthadtospendthenextsixweeksinawheelchair.42thehelpofhisdoctor,thisbraveyoungboyreturnedtoschoolafteronlytwoandahalfmonths.43(look)backontheaccident,Andrewsayshebelieveschildrencando44theywant45theyputtheirmindtoit.himwhileThewhereoperationwasallowedWithLookingwhatever/what/aslongasif/when/aslongas