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12019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET(10points)TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.Iofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize,3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4cantfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate_5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail,butnotinacompletely7area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater._9,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould10see2signsofpeopleIfyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another12Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13evenindensefores,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atmightcanthehorizonfor17lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.18,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks.andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]until4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally35.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]BesideslO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate15.[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]exposeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts,Answerthequestionseachtextby4choosingAB.CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)Text1FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthisclawbackruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies.saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglikeChildrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain.henoteshas5droppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinlone-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbedquarterlycapitalism”.Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduceshort-termism.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthatasubstantialpartofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.Muchmorecouldbedonetoencouragelong-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcode6andquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleistheA.enhancebankers'senseofresponsibilityBhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofitsC.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulationD.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicateA.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofitsB.governmentsimpatienceindecision-makingC.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompaniesD.short-termismineconomicactivities23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpublic7companiescanbeA.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary24.TheUSandFranc