马克吐温写作风格鉴赏(An-Analysis-of-the-Writing-Styles-of-Ma

AnAnalysisoftheWritingStylesofMarkTwainHiscolloquialLanguageandSatireintheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn1.2TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnThebestworkthatMarkTwaineverproducedis,aswenotedearlieron,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.IttellsastoryabouttheUnitedStatesbeforetheCivilWar,around1850,whenthegreatMississippiValleywasstillbeingsettled.HereliesanAmerica,withitsgreatnationalfaults,fullofviolenceandevencruelty,yetstillretainingthevirtuesof‘somesimplicity,someinnocence,andsomepeace.’ThestorytakesplacealongtheMississippiRiver,onbothsidesofwhichtherewasunpopulatedwildernessandadenseforest.ItrelatesthestoryoftheescapeofJimfromslaveryand,moreimportant,howHuckFinn,floatingalongwithhimandhelpinghimasbesthecould,changeshismind,hisprejudiceaboutblackpeople,andcomestoacceptJimasamanandasaclosefriendaswell.AttheheartofTwain’sachievementishiscreationofHuckFinn,whoembodiesthatmythicAmerica,midwaybetweenthewildernessandthemodernsuperstate.II.AnalyzingTwoWritingStylesofMarkTwain(intheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn)MarkTwainwasthefirstimportantwritertoconsistentlyusetheAmericanspeechratherthanEngland’sEnglish.Hishonor,whetheritwasaimedatpureentertainmentoratsocialsatire,wasirresistible.Hisrealism,anddetailsinfluencedmanylaterAmericannovelists.ThatwaswhyErnestHemingwayoncesaid“allmodernAmericanliteraturescamefromonebookwrittenbyMarkTwaincalledTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.”AnditbecameTwain’smasterpiece.MarkTwain’sthreeyears’lifeonthatreturnedtotheMississippileftsuchafondmemorywithhimthatreturnedtothethememorethanonceinhiswritingcareer.HuckleberryFinnisaveritablerecreationoflivingmodels,andisHuck’sbook,notJim’s.Thetwomajorcharacters,HuckandJim,representthetwosidesofthedilemma:Huckstrikesoutforanabsolutefreedom,whileJimrequires,inordertogainhisownfreedom,thatHuckqualifyhisfreedombyenteringintothepursuitofJim’s.Itstartsoutasacomedy,an‘AsYouLikeIt’withaherodrawnfromthebottomofsocietyratherthanthetop.Huckandhisfather,Jim,theswindlers(theDukeandtheDauphin),colonelsherburnandthedrunkardBoggy-allthesecharactersprototypesinreallife.Theportrayalofindividualincidentsandcharactersachievedintenseverisimilitudeofdetail.Seriousproblemsarebeingdiscussedthroughthenarrationofalittleilliterateboy.Thefactthatthewildernessjuxtaposedwithcivilization,thepeoplehalfwildandhalfcivilized,manyofwhomareworse,vulgar,arebrutal.Asforthestyleofthebook,theformisbasedonthesimplestofallnovel-forms,theso-calledpicaresquenovel,ornoveloftheroad,whichstringsitsincidentsonthelineofthehero’stravels.But,inthisnovel,riversareroadsthatmove,andthemovementoftheroadinitsownmysteriouslifetransmutestheprimitivesimplicityofthefrom:theroaditselfisthegreatestcharacterinthisnoveloftheroad,andthehero’sdeparturesfromtheriverandhisreturnstoitcomposeasubtleandsignificantpattern.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnshowsusthemajorachievementsofhisart:themasterfuluseofdialects;humorandpathos,innocenceandevil.Thisnoveldemonstrateshisabilitytocapturetheenduring,archetypal,mythicimagesofAmericaandtocreatethemostmemorablecharactersinallofAmericanfiction.2.1UseofColloquialLanguageThebookiswritteninacolloquialstyle,inthegeneralstandardspeechofuneducatedAmericans.Moreover,theproseofHuckleberryFinnestablishedtheprosevirtuesofAmericancolloquialspeech.Ithassomethingtodowitheaseandfreedomintheuseoflanguage.Mostofall,ithastodowiththestructureofthesentence,whichissimple,direct,andfluent,maintainingtherhythmoftheword’sgroupofspeechandtheintonationsofthespeakingvoice.MarkTwain’scolloquialstylehasinfluencedalargenumberofAmericanwriters.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinndisplaysthemajorachievementsofhisart:thecarefullycontrolledpointofview,withitsimplicitironiesexpressedthroughthevoiceofasemiliterateboy:themasterfuluseofdialects:thefelicitousbalancingofnostalgichumoristandrealism,humorandpathos,innocenceandevil,allunitedforajourneydowntheMississippithatservesasthemythiccenterofthenovel.Thisnoveldemonstrateshisabilitytocapturetheenduring,archetypal,mythicimagesofAmericaandtocreatethemostmemorablecharactersinallofAmericanfiction.2.1.1VernacularLanguageMarkTwainwroteinhisunpretentious,colloquial,andpoeticstyle.Heusedvernacularlanguage,dialectwithspellingrepresentingpronunciation.Partofthiscomesfromhisinterestinhumor.ThedirectnessofthelanguageisaveryinfluentialpointinTwain’sstyle.ErnestHemingwayinthe20thcenturysaidthathehadlearnthiscraftfromMarkTwainbecauseifthedirectspeechandthedirectnarrationthatTwainwasabletoachieve.Thehoaxandtalltalearealsopartoftwain’sstyle.Hoaxiswritingsomethingfantasticandpretendingthatitweretrue,muchlikethetalltale.Ittollsasifitweretrue,andsothereaderwouldlaughthatanybodycouldbelievesuchpreposterousthings,theburlesquemakingfunofestablisheswaysofwriting.MarkTwainsaid,“Iamenddialectstuffbytalkingandtalkingittillitsoundsright.”Hewantedhiswritingtohavethesoundofeasy-goingspeech.InHuckleberryFinnthefountainheadoftheAmericancolloquialprose,hewrotesevendifferentdialectsandeachcanbedistinguished.Ifthereaderisalinguist,hecanexaminethedifferentpronunciationsthatTwainhasshown.Inhisowntime,dialectwritingwasc