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被动语态一、语态概述英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，再如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。（____________）Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。（____________）二、被动语态的构成:be动词+Vp.p被动特点强调宾，用be加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。1.Englishis___________（speak）inCanada.2.Theblouseis___________（make）ofsilk.3.Englishis___________（speak）bymanypeople.谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。1.Somestampswere___________（steal）lastweek.2.ThePRCwas___________（found）onOctober1,1949.3.Footballis___________（play）inmostmiddleschools.被动语态须留意，P.P前面助动be.be+P.Pam（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.Pwas和were表过去。was（were）+P.P完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P将来，情态，be原形。will（can,may,must）be+P.P进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。三．几种常用时态的被动语态——1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词肯定句：Bikesare___________（sell）inthatshop.否定句：Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop.疑问句：Arebikessoldinthatshop?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词肯定句：Hewas___________（save）in1999.否定句：Hewasnotsavedin1999.疑问句：Washesavedin1999?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.3.一般将来时：shall/will/begoingto+be+过去分词肯定句：AnEnglishclasswillbe___________（give）byJacktomorrow.否定句：AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow.疑问句：WillanEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow?4.现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词肯定句：Acarisbeing___________（drive）now.否定句：Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.疑问句：Isacarbeingdrivennow?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.5.现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词肯定句：Aroadhasbeen___________（build）bythegovernment.否定句：Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.疑问句：Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment?Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't.6.情态动词：情态动词+be+P.P1）Thisclockcanbe___________（repair）here.2）Thetreesmaybe___________（plant）atothertimesoftheyear.3）Thecompositionmustbe___________（hand）inafterclass.4）Theyoungtreesshouldbe___________（plant）inspring.四、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswere___________（steal）lastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）Thisbookwas___________（publish）in1981.这本书出版于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：Thewindowwas___________（break）byMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwas___________（write）byhim.这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。五、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：1.Allthepeople___________（laugh）athim.→Hewas___________（laugh）atbyallpeople.2.They___________（make）thebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesare___________（make）bytheminthefactory.六、补充一些宾补动词如make,see,hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。如：Hemademestandoutside.→Iwasmadetostandoutside（byhim）.Isawhimplayfootball.→Hewasseentoplayfootball（byhim）.专项练习一、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()5.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()7.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()8.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked()9.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten()10.Thequestion____byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed()11.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuiltB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt()12.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup()13.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished()14.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown()15.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised()16.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken()17.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired()18.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing()19.Thewar______in1941.A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout()20.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats()21.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking()22.They______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork()23.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup()24.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung()25.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned()26