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[11]11231211101011301212012125??6???7??8?fccbcca*,b*,c*XK3?(B//[uvw])?41—1[11]112312111010113012120121201211120101[11]hu+kv+lw=0{100}645??6???7??8?fccbcca*,b*,c*XI0XXRVVcPF()A()lKKKKAl2O3JCPDSKRietveld3?(B//[uvw])?41—1••••••••(3):3100–,O-H2960--C-H2870--C-H1720-1415-1290–C-O950–O-HFeX2121002001112111110220130030211104??X??123???4()FeXX2~62XXXK12212100200111211111022013003021110100110111200101212202103013011124??X??112I152185mm57.3/2mmCuKa230oK290K3422=02320.50.6573mm28CuKd3nmA1000nmd1nm5510mglmg0.5g100mg62XXdIdI1dI2Id3dI3???4()3250–O-H.2820–C-H1690–C=O31201200—C-HC-O1600&1500780720124????12100755025nmB=450=0.15nm25nm=100450800B3?4??12d’/nnhnknlXhklnHKLX30X6004???12341)2)3)1231234ABB(hkl)BraggB(hkl)I0IhklIO-IhklABraggABIA≈I0IB≈I0-IhklBA.1f=1-3mm,100—300220—120uma.b.C.320-400um40—20a.B./5a.?[uvw]HKL[uvw][uvw]O*ZZuvw*,[uvw](uvw)*uvw*O*0uvw*1X1X23153A2A343BBB34X3562100755025nmB=450=0.15nm25nm=100450800B25nmθ=10°45°80°B1X1X23153A2A343BBB34X3562100755025nmB=450=0.15nm25nm=100450800B25nmθ=10°45°80°B3?4??XXXOXO12X:1X2X341.2114923Si(Li)2995--C-H17651740–C=01380–1280-C-O-C1045–C-O-C????1f.c.c.b.c.c.2X2~62XXXK12CoFeXFeMnffXZfXX??1211122212?(uvw)*01/dEwald{hkl}2θ2θFP31420.20=14.1229.20=6.13536.70=3.77743.60=2.911Ae-2MPI1=100I2=6.135/14.12=43.45I3=3.777/14.12=26.75I4=2.911/14.12=20.62410043.4526.7520.62?:ABB(hkl)BraggB“”(hkl)I0IhklIO-IhklABraggABIA≈I0IB≈I0-IhklBA1f.c.c.b.c.c.2≠≠13000-3800115023000-310015001600600-100032800-30000112Cu3Au[001]12?3SE4?Ss+g=s-gs+g=0s+g012X34sξg51.5kW/35kV=0.043A0112Hu+Kv+Lw=011+1+01=11+0=011+1+11=12+1=01+21+11=3+2+1=00101+1+11=0+1+1=01211+1+12=1+3+2=0Xd2dsin=2d=/2sindCu3Au[001]12?3SE4?Ss+g=s-gs+g=0s+g0ΔB-HSi-H1XX210~20hI2I-22X1dI2Id3dI1dI/I023d4534sξg513000-31001450-1600600-10001660-200022800-30001350-1500227001700C=Oθλ345[uvw](hkl)678??9120.20229.20336.70443.60?(B//[uvw])?Burgersg1g2θλdHKLHKL1dXXX2X345[uvw](hkl)[uvw]G[uvw]6f.c.ch.k.L.b.c.ch+k+L=h.c.ph+2k=3n,L=h+k+L=71R8R2Rd3JCPDSASTMddd8??123a)Sb)49120.20229.20336.70443.60FP31420.20=14.1229.20=6.13536.70=3.77743.60=2.911Ae-2MPI1=100I2=6.135/14.12=43.45I3=3.777/14.12=26.75I4=2.911/14.12=20.62410043.4526.7520.62XKKKK111Kis2wSIi/IS3iwi4iWiJCPDSAl2O311JCPDS?(B//[uvw])?2L20*1032Burgersg1g2g1g2g1b0g21211122212:3100–,O-H2960--C-H2870--C-H1720-1415-1290–C-O950–O-H?5101f.c.c.b.c.c.2CuXV=1240/Cu=1240/0.15418=8042V=1240/Cu=1240/0.1392218=89070.15418nm0.15418nm01211120101[11]hu+kv+lw=001211120101[11]hu+kv+lw=0Xf.c.ch.k.L.b.c.ch+k+L=h.c.ph+2k=3n,L=h+k+L=?121f=1-3mm,100—300220—120uma.b.C.320-400um40—20a.B./5a.b.1B[uvw]23(uvw)*0X:1uvwA[uvw]B(2)RARB(hkl)AhklB3hklA//(hkl)B[uvw]A//[uvw]B510kkkkk()kXKKNi0.14869nm0.14869nmX0.14869XCuX:K=0.15418nmK=0.13922nmZZ+1ZZXXXXXdIdI12I152185mm57.3/2mmCuKa230oK290K3422=02320.50.6573mm28CuKd3nmA1000nmd1nm5510mglmg0.5g100mg61f.c.c.b.c.c.21bccF≠0h+k+l=h1k1l1h2k2l2h3k3l3=h1k1l1+h2k2l2h3+k3+l3=h3k3l3Fh3k3l3≠0fccF≠0h,k,lh3k3l3=h1k1l1+h2k2l2h3k3l31234x???5101XX(h+k+l)(h+k+l)h,k,lh,k,l(h+k+l)(h+k+l)h,k,lh,k,ld2dsin=2d=/2sindXddIdI123x?X1X10-2radXπ/22Ewald3Ewald4X??123a)Sb)41S02Fhkl5101XXI0XXRVVcPFA()l()e-2M=XX210~20hI2I-2X2LK20*1012343XaX10-2radXπ/2bEwaldcEwalddX(h+k+l)(h+k+l)h,k,lh,k,l(h+k+l)(h+k+l)h,k,lh,k,ld2dsin=2d=/2sindXddIdI123x?X1X10-2radXπ/22Ewald3Ewald4X??123a)Sb)41S02Fhkl5101XXI0XXRVVcPFA()l()e-2M=XX210~20hI2I-2X2LK20*1012343XaX10-2radXπ/2bEwaldcEwalddXdHKLHKL1dXXX2X{100}64[uvw]???Scanningelectronmicroscope--SEMSEMTEM?1SE2SE31BESE2BEBEBESEBE??XXSi(Li)160eV510eVSi(Li)11492Si(Li)2dsin=FeK=0.1937nmA=acrsin=acrsin=500M=560====0.5???X5105020010010001001000510SEAESEM()1X2X3XX13000-3800115023000-310015001600600-100032800-3000B=k/tcosBt4?????????(B//[uvw])?XXXXB=k/tcosBtXBt10-4cm10-5cm10010-4cmX4{hkl}7-13{111}N.DR.D001011111??f.c.ch.k.L.b.c.ch+k+L=h.c.ph+2k=3n,L=h+k+L=??g1g2g1b0g21211122212?1SE2SE31231XK2KKKkkkafcK35mXXdIdI12I152185mm57.3/2mmCuKa230oK290K3422=02320.50.6573mm28CuKd3nmA1000nmd1nm5510mglmg0.5g100mg6???X5105020010010001001000510SEAESEM?(B//[uvw])?2L20*10323350–O-H2950–C-H2860C-H1425--CH21065–C-O-