抗凝剂皮下注射护理规范的循证实践

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4912014ChinJNurs,January2015,Vol.50,No.120151501:(VenousThromboembolism,VTE)、、,VTE。,,。ACEStar2004(theAcademicCenterforEvidence-basedPractice)Stevens,、、,,,,、、、、5[1]。ACEStar,、、,,,、。11.1,DOI:10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2015.01.008:(71373232);:310016(,,),(),(,),(),(),(),(),():,E-mail:yangll@srrsh.com:,(),,,E-mail:zhuhf@srrsh.com2014-03-14朱红芳汤磊雯贺晓莉俞佳丽徐群利沈瑛王丽王上上林莉朱双爱杨丽黎【】探讨抗凝剂皮下注射护理规范及其效果评价。运用循证方法得出证据形成建议,制订抗凝剂皮下注射标准、用药规范、定位卡和宣教卡,规范护理,并对护理人员进行培训,设计患者资料表、患者问卷和护士问卷对患者和护士进行调查,并用抗凝剂皮下注射不良反应率、患者对抗凝剂皮下注射知识的知晓率和护士对抗凝剂皮下注射规范护理的掌握率进行效果评价。措施实施后抗凝剂皮下注射不良反应率明显下降,患者知晓率明显提高,护士掌握率明显高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。应用循证实践规范抗凝剂皮下注射护理,可改善护理质量,保证药物疗效,促进医疗安全。【】抗凝药;注射,皮下;循证医学;护理Evidence-basedpracticeintheuseofsubcutaneousanticoagulants/ZHUHong-fang,TANGLei-wen,HEXiao-li,YUJia-li,XUQun-li,SHENYing,WANGLi,WANGShang-shang,LINLi,ZHUShuang-ai,YANGLi-li【Abstract】ObjectiveToformulatestandardizedprocedureofsubcutaneousinjectionofanticoagulantsandevaluatetheoutcomes.MethodsThestandardizedprocedure,positioningcardandhealtheducationcardfortheuseofsubcutaneousanticoagulantswereformulatedbasedonthebestevidencesandrecommendations,andthenwereimple-mentedafternursetraining.Theoutcomeswereevaluatedbyquestionnairesamongpatientsandnurses,aswellastheincidenceofadversereactionsofsubcutaneousanticoagulants,patientsknowledgerelatedtosubcutaneousantico-agulantsandnurses'awarenesstothestandardizedprocedure.ResultsThispracticereducedtheincidenceofadversereactionsofsubcutaneousanticoagulants,increasedpatients'knowledgeandnurses'awarenesstothestan-dardizedprocedure(P0.05orP0.01).ConclusionEvidence-basedpracticeintheuseofsubcutaneousanticoagu-lantscanimprovethequalityofnursingcare,ensuretheefficacyofmedicationandpromotepatientsafety.【Keywords】Anticoagulants;Injections,Subcutaneous;Evidence-BasedMedicine;NursingCare———33CMYK4912014ChinJNurs,January2015,Vol.50,No.120151501,、、、、;、、、。PICO,,。P(Population,Patient,orProblem):。I(Intervention):、。C(ControlorComparison):、。O(Outcome):;、;;、。,7(、、、、、、)、,,。201110201210。1.2PICO,BMJ-ClinicalEvidence、BMJ-BestPractice、Pubmed、Med-line、、、。:,,,,,,,Anticoagu-lant,injection,nursing。2173,,65,52,13。/meta13,13,/6,/8,///25。1.31.3.1JohnsHopkins(evidence-basedpractice,EBP)EBP[1]。2,26;2,6~7。2~3,,,。1.3.2,,,。(1),(B)[2-4]。,。10cm,5cm,1~2cm,2cm。(2)(B)[5-7]。,,0.1ml,,,,,,,。(3):(B)[8-10]。、,,。(4)(B)[3,6,9,11]。2011,“”[12]。,(),。(5)10s10s(B)[13]。[14],10s,10s。(6)(B)[11,15-16]。,,。,,,,。,,。,,,。[17],3min。[18],10min,,,,———34CMYK4912014ChinJNurs,January2015,Vol.50,No.120151501,。[11](3~5min),,,,、,。(7),,(B)[3,6,11,19]。,、,。。,,,,,。(8)12h,12~24h4~6h(B)[20]。2009,、、。1.4,,,7。1.4.1(1)(:ZL201220582247.5):2cm(),5cm,10cm,。,,,。,,2cm,。,,,。1.4.2(1):,,(,),,,,,,,,,10s,10s,,。(2):,;;,,3~5min;、;、。1.4.3:、;、、;,、、、、。、,、,;、。1.4.4:,,、、,;,,2cm,。,。1.4.571,、,,100%(90)。1.51.5.1,119,70,49;(61.1±16.8);104,60,1———:1.,。2.。35CMYK4912014ChinJNurs,January2015,Vol.50,No.12015150144;(61.2±14.2)。、、。1.5.2、,、。(、、、)、、、。48h,7、,,1mm[18],48h。,(、、、)()。3~5d,7。,。7。1.5.3、。1.5.4SPSS14.0,t,P0.05。22.1,(P0.05),,1。2.2,、,(P0.01),2。2.3≥80%57,67.86%,≥80%,(P0.01)。33.1VTE,,,,。,,,;meta,。ACEStar,,:;0.2~0.8ml,,、、,;,tPn11910413116(%)26.115.41.9820.0491)75(%)5.94.83.3530.72465+(%)5.04.80.0800.936———tPn929327092(%)76.0998.924.966<0.0016492(%)69.5798.925.941<0.0014385(%)46.7491.400.000<0.00136CMYK4912014ChinJNurs,January2015,Vol.50,No.120151501,。,,,,,。,,,,,。3.2,,、、,、,、,[21]。,,,,、。,、,,,。3.3,,,。,,,,,、;meta,,。、、。[1]RobinPN,SandraLD,StephanieSP,etal.JohnsHopkinsnurs-ingevidence-basedpracticemodelandguidelines[M].Indiana:SigmaThetaTauInternational,2007:204-207.[2],.[J].,2008,22(5):3991-3992.[3],,.[J].,2008,22(10):2700-2701.[4].[J].,2009,23(9):2508-2509.[5],,.[J].,2010,31(2):256-257.[6].[J].,2010,4(12):195-196.[7],.[J].,2011,20(3):389-390.[8],.Meta[J].,2010,18(5):249-252.[9].[J].,2008,29(7):890.[10],,.[J].,2006,20(9):2310-2311.[11],,.[J].,2009,30(22):2909-2910.[12].[M].:,2011.[13]AkpinarRB,CelebiogluA.Effectofinjectiondurationonbruis-ingassociatedwithsubcutaneousheparin:aquasi-experi-mentalwith-subjectdesign[J].InternationalJournalofNursingStudies,2008,45(6):812-817.[14],,,.[J].,2014,49(2):233-235.[15].[J].,2006,12(2):307.[16],,.[J].,2007,23(8):52-53.[17],,,.[J].,2003,38(1):5-7.[18].[J].,2009,23(3):726-727.[19],.[J].,2004,31(9):62-63.[20].[J].,2009,3(3):380-383.[21].[J].,2005,40(9):714-717.(马云会)———37CMYK

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