writing-general-to-specific---texts0226

2011-2-26AcademicWriting1Lecture2WritingGeneral-SpecificTexts2011-2-26AcademicWriting2ThestructureGeneralstatementDetailinsupportofthegeneralstatementMoredetailedBroaderstatementFig.1ShapeofG-Stexts2011-2-26AcademicWriting3ThestructureThestructureinvolvesgeneral-to-specificmovement•quitecommoningraduatestudentwriting•oftenusedasintroductionsforlongerpiecesofwriting2011-2-26AcademicWriting4ThestructureGStextsusuallybeginwithoneofthefollowing:a.ashortorextendeddefinitionb.acontrastiveorcomparativedefinitionc.ageneralizationorpurposestatementd.astatementoffact2011-2-26AcademicWriting5ThestructureTask1Readthetextandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.SellingCities:PromotingNewImagesforMeetingsTourism(1)Meetingstourism,whichwedefineastravelassociatedwithattendanceatcorporateorassociationmeetings,conferences,conventionsorcongressesorpublicortradeexhibitions,hasemergedasasignificantsubsectionofthetouristindustrybothintermsofvolumeoftravelandexpendituregenerated.(2)Meetingsdemonstrateenormousvariety,rangingfromsmallbusinessmeetingsofafewparticipantstolargeconventionsof,forexample,professionalassociationswhichmightattractinexcessof20,000delegates.(3)Therangeoflocationswithinwhichthesemeetingstakeplaceisalsobroad,includingsuchsitesashotels,universities,sportsvenues,andspeciallybuiltconventioncenters.2011-2-26AcademicWriting6ThestructureTask1(4)ThemeetingstourismmarkethasbeenvigorouslypursuedbymanyformerindustrialcitiesinEuropeandtheU.S.aspartoftheirstrategiesofpost-industrialurbanregeneration(Law,1987,p85).(5)Thismarketoffersanumberofobviousattractionstosuchcities,notleasttherapidityofitsgrowthduringthe1970sand1980s,theveryperiodduringwhichmanycitiesweresufferingcontractionsintheirindustrialbase.(6)FiguresfortheU.S.A.suggestthebusinessconferenceindustryalmostdoubledduringthe1980s.(7)Thegrowthisparticularlymarkedforinternationalconferences,whichbringthegreatestfinancialreturnsforhostcities(LabasseandLaw,p47).(8)InmanyEuropeancitiestheeconomiccontributionsofbusinesstourismoutweighthosefromleisuretourismbytwotothreetimes(VandenBergetal,1994,p161)makingitbothaseeminglyappropriateandrewardingsectorforformermanufacturingcitiestopursue.(AdaptedfromBradley,Hall,andHarrison2002)2011-2-26AcademicWriting7Thestructure1.Theshapeofthispassageissomethinglikethis.Completethediagram.1)________________a.Sizeofmeetingsb.__________________2)__________________a.GrowthinthemeetingstourismmarketintheU.S.b.Growthininternationalconferencesc.______________________________2011-2-26AcademicWriting8Thestructure2.Theauthorsofthispassagehavedecideditistooshort.Herearetwoadditionalstatements.Wherewouldyouplacethem?a.Meetingstourismhasgrown,andseemsdestinedtocontinuetogrow,atratesabovethoseofmostEuropeannationaleconomies.b.Meetingstourists,atsmallaswellaslargemeetings,arehigherspendersonaverageperdaythanleisuretourists,bringinginonaveragenearly$360perdaymore(Law,2002).3.Insentence1,whydoyouthinktheauthorsusedtheexpressionwhichwedefineas...?2011-2-26AcademicWriting9Thestructure1.Theshapeofthispassageissomethinglikethis.Completethediagram.1)Meetingstourismanditsimportancea.Sizeofmeetingsb.locationsofmeetings2)Importanceofmeetingstourisminpostindustrialurbanrenewala.GrowthinthemeetingstourismmarketintheU.S.b.Growthininternationalconferencesc.ImportanceofmeetingstourismincomparisontoleisuretourisminEurope2011-2-26AcademicWriting10Thestructure2.Theauthorsofthispassagehavedecideditistooshort.Herearetwoadditionalstatements.Wherewouldyouplacethem?(4)ThemeetingstourismmarkethasbeenvigorouslypursuedbymanyformerindustrialcitiesinEuropeandtheU.S.aspartoftheirstrategiesofpost-industrialurbanregeneration(Law,1987,p85).(5)Thismarketoffersanumberofobviousattractionstosuchcities,notleasttherapidityofitsgrowthduringthe1970sand1980s,theveryperiodduringwhichmanycitiesweresufferingcontractionsintheirindustrialbase.(6)FiguresfortheU.S.A.suggestthebusinessconferenceindustryalmostdoubledduringthe1980s.Meetingstourismhasgrown,andseemsdestinedtocontinuetogrow,atratesabovethoseofmostEuropeannationaleconomies.(7)Thegrowthisparticularlymarkedforinternationalconferences,whichbringthegreatestfinancialreturnsforhostcities(LabasseandLaw,p47).(8)InmanyEuropeancitiestheeconomiccontributionsofbusinesstourismoutweighthosefromleisuretourismbytwotothreetimes(VandenBergetal,1994,p161)Meetingstourists,atsmallaswellaslargemeetings,arehigherspendersonaverageperdaythanleisuretourists,bringinginonaveragenearly$360perdaymore(Law,2002).Thismakesitbothaseeminglyappropriateandrewardingsectorforformermanufacturingcitiestopursue.(AdaptedfromBradley,Hall,andHarrison2002)2011-2-26AcademicWriting11Thestructure3.Insentence1,whydoyouthinktheauthorsusedtheexpressionwhichwedefineas...?Presumablythereareotherdefinitionsformeetingstourism,andthisistheonethattheauthorshavechosentouse.2011-2-26AcademicWriting1220.Itisremarkablehowmuchdamageagroupofsmallboyscandotoabuildingsiteifitisleftunguarded.InloosemomentsImightpridemyselfonpossessingacreativeimpulsebutIdon’thavetodomuchintrospectionbeforebeingforcedtoadmitthatad