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TheAttributiveClauseWhatistheattribute?(什么是定语）aredappleabeautifulgirl形容词作定语myfriendhispen代词作定语agirlinredamanwithglasses介词短语作定语appletreeshoeshop名词作定语什么是定语？定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分Whatistheattributiveclause?(什么是定语从句）thehandsome修饰成分thenaughtyboyTheboyisTom.（主句）TheboywhoishandsomeisTom.TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定语，如为一个句子则称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词定语从句的一般结构是：主句+先行词+关系词+从句Peoplewhogotoaformalwesternerdinnerpartyforthefirsttimemaybesurprisedbytablemanners.Besidesthenapkin,youwillfindasmalltoastandthreeglasseswhichareforthewine.Theknifeandforkthatareclosesttoyourplatearealittlebiggerthantheonesbesidethem.Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.Forthestarter,whichyoueatwiththesmallerpair,youkeeptheknifeinyourrighthandandtheforkinyourleft.定语从句的一般结构是：主句+先行词+关系词+从句Iknowtheboywhoissittingonthedesk.主句定语从句先行词引导词引导词有关系代词：whowhomwhosethatwhich关系副词：whenwherewhy先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：1.引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中代替先行词；3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。1.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.2.TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.3.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.4.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.5.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.6.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.7.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.8.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.9.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.10.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.11.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.12.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.13.Hereistheboythatdamagedthevase.关系代词与关系副词关系代词:指人:指物:指人或物:关系副词:who(主格),whom(宾格),whose(所有格)which(主格,宾格),whose(所有格)thatwhen,where,why注：①当先行词是those,she,he,they等代词时,关系代词用who.②作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省，介词后面用which或whom)ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.4whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用,即the+名词＋ofwhich\whom或ofwhich\whom＋the+名词。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.＝ofwhichthebookDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.Theteacher,whosesonIworkwith,islikedbyallthestudents.Thechair,thelegsofwhicharebroken,isbeingrepairednow.3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。(5)先行词是who或who引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引导时Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.Sheisn’tthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.•(8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that.•Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.which2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whomABBBthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that。(9)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(10)在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(11)先行词本身是that，或句子中已经有了thatWhatIwanttodoisthatwhichwillhelpusall.(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.ThescientistØwemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld.whomthat(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.whichØ(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.whowhomØThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Ø1.Ihaveafriend__________likeslisteningtoClassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress________Igaveher.3.Theman________legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.4.Kevinisreadingabook_________istoodifficultforhim.5.Thefamily_____I’mstayingwithlivesintown.6.Iknowthestudent_________articlewaspublished.7.Betty,________hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.8.Myparentsliveinahouse___________ismorethan100yearsold.9.Theboywith______Johnspokeismybrother.who\thatwhich\thatwhosewhich\thatthat\whichwhoseWhowhich\thatwhom定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,whywhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。1.Heistheman__housethepicturesaretaken.A.whoseB.whichC.fromwhoseD.that2.