八年级上英语:比较级和最高级用法

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形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级、比较级、最高级。原级指形容词和副词的原形;比较级用来表示“较……”或“更……一些”;最高级则表示“最……”Grammar:一、形容词和副词的原级:1.表示两者(A与B)在某一方面相同时用句型:A+谓语+as+形容词或副词的原形+as+B.eg:①Tom和Sam一样高。TomisastallasSam.②Tom和Sam跑得一样快。TomrunsasfastasSam.③英语和数学一样重要。Englishisasimportantasmath.④Lucy和Lily学习一样好。LucystudiesaswellasLily.2.两者(A与B)在某一方面A不如B时用句型:A+谓语+notas/so+形容词或副词的原形+as+B.eg:①Tom不如Sam高。Tomisnotas/sotallasSam.②Tom不如Sam跑得快。Tomdoesn’trunas/sofastasSam.③英语不如数学重要。Englishisnotas/soimportantasmath.④Lucy不如Lily学习好。Lucydoesn’tstudyas/sowellasLily.形容词的比较级一:用法⑴用于两者(人或物)之间,表示“其中一个比另一更……”或“较……”,后面通常用连词than连结另一个比较的对象,其基本句型是:主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+than+对比对象。eg:吉姆比迈克高。JimistallerthanMike.迈克比吉姆矮MikeisshorterthanJim.1、形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化:①一般直接在词尾加er或esttall—taller--tallestlight—lighter--lightest②以字母e结尾的直接加r或stnice—nicer—nicestfine—finer—finest③以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,要变y为i再加er或estheavy—heavier—heaviestbusy—busier--busiest④以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加er或estthin—thinner—thinnesthot—hotter—hottest⑤多音节词或部分双音节词的比较级和最高级在其前面加more或most。beautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautifulimportant—moreimportant—mostimportantInteresting–moreinteresting–mostinterestingquickly–morequickly–mostquicklytired–moretired–mosttired2、不规则形容词的比较级最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellmany/muchlittleill/bad/badlyfarbetterbestmoremostlessleastworseworstfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest(抽象)写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级(1)ill/bad/badly__________________________(2)busy_______________________________(3)big__________________________________(4)fat___________________________________(5)hot__________________________________(6)easy_________________________________(7)little_________________________________(8)fast_________________________________(9)hard_________________________________(10)many/much________________________________worse/worstbusier/busiestbigger/biggestfatter/fattesthotter/hottesteasier/easiestless/leastfaster/fastestharder/hardestmore/most(11)happy_______________________(12)far__________________________(13)careful______________________(14)good/well____________________(15)difficult______________________(16)small_________________________(17)quiet_________________________(18)old__________________________(19)beautiful______________________(20)strong________________________happier/happiestfarther(further)/farthest(furthest)morecareful/mostcarefulmoredifficult/mostdifficultmorebeautiful/mostbeautifulbetter/bestsmaller/smallestquieter/quietestolder/oldeststronger/strongest比较级+than…(两者之间)A比B较/更……”。A+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+than+B.eg:①Tom比Sam高。TomistallerthanSam.②Tom比Sam跑得快。TomrunsfasterthanSam.③英语比数学重要。Englishismoreimportantthanmath.④Lucy比Lily学习好。LucystudiesbetterthanLily.Whichgoesfaster,thebikeorthecar?Thecargoesfasterthanthebike.Thebikegoesfast.Whichflieshigher,theplaneorthebird?Theplaneflieshigherthanthebird.Thebirdflieshigh.Whichrunsfaster,thedogorthesheep?Thedogrunsfasterthanthesheep.Thesheeprunsfast.DonaldduckHarryPotterWhichismoreinteresting?HarrypotterismoreinterestingthanDonaldduck.Donaldduckisinteresting.倍数+比较级+than....形容词比较级前可加数词,表示“大(小)……多少”“长(短)……多少”eg:他比我小五岁。Heisfiveyearsyoungerthanme.A+谓语+倍数(…times)+adj./adv.比较级+than+B.Eg:我的房间是你的三倍大。Myroomisthreetimesbiggerthanyours.A+谓语+数词+adj./adv.比较级+than+B.③数词+比较级+than....eg:他越来越胖了。Hebecomesfatterandfatter.她学得越来越好了。Shestudiesbetterandbetter.④“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”越来越高越来越强壮越来越长越来越受欢迎越来越漂亮越来越有趣tallerandtallerstrongerandstrongerlongerandlongermoreandmorepopularmoreandmorebeautifulmoreandmoreinteresting吃的越多,会变得越胖________youeat,________youwillbe.⑤the+比较级,the+比较级越……,越……。Themorethefatter越多越好Themore,thebetter.你们越努力,将来你们就越成功.The________(hard)you________(work),the______________(successfully)you______(be).他越忙越快乐._________heis,___________hewillbe.Thebusierthehappierharderworkmoresuccessfullywillbe⑥the+比较级+ofthetwo…Amyistheshorterofthetwo.Johnisthetallerofthetwo.A+谓语+the+adj./adv.比较级+ofthetwo.AmyJohnA+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+thanany(other)+可数名词单数+范围。A+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+thantheother+可数名词复数+范围。“A是……中最……的”或“A比(其他)任何……都……”注:当A在范围内比较时,必须加other;当A不在范围内比较时,去掉other.eg:上海比中国其他的任何一个城市都大ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.上海比日本的任何一个城市都大ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinJapan.⑦用形容词的比较级来表达最高级的概念Heistallerthananyotherboy.HeistallerthantheotherboysHeisthetallestofall.TheYellowRiverWhichriverislonger?TheChangjianRiver在中国,长江比其他河流都长。TheChangjiangRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.在中国,长江比其他任何河流都长。TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.(8)修饰比较级的词much(…的多)、far(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、abit(…一点儿)alittle(…一点儿)eg:①Thiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.这座城市比那座城市漂亮的多。②Todayisevenhotterthanyesterday.如果比较对象相同,可用that/those代替第二个比较对象。TheweatherinShanghaiisbetterthanthatinWuhan.三、形容词、副词的最高级三者或三者以上人或物的比较。1.A+谓语+the+adj./adv.最高级+of,in,among短语A是……中最……的。①Mymotheristhebusiestinmyfamily.我妈妈是家中最忙的。②Ijumpthefarthestinmyclass.我是我们班跳得最远的。③Tomisthetallestofallthestudents.Tom是所有学生中最高的。2、oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数复数“最……之一”。篮球是世界上最受欢迎的运动之一。Basketballisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheworld.3、the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词表示“第几大/长/高……”TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。I.用形容词的正确形式填空1.Whichdoyoulike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