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ObjectClauses宾语从句Weknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句一、什么是宾语从句？试比较二、宾语从句三要素引导词（连接词）语序(人称)时态DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut(宇航员)?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.Idon’tknowifhewillcometonight.Let’sfindoutwhat’sontonight.FindouttheObjectClausesWeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.引导词（连接词）2.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。e.g.1)Doyouknowwhosebookitis?（谁的，作定语）2)Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（为什么，作状语）3)Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（谁，作主语）注：that在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句宾语从句的引导词(一)3.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.Theydidn’tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.if/whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。if/whether可互换,但whether…ornot为固定搭配.看一看：Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ifitrains,I’llstayathome.Iwanttoknowwhenhewillcomeback.Whenhecomesback,pleasetellme.想一想：when和if可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？when和if既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。1.Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.2.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.3.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.4.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether注意：只能用whether不能用if的情况注意：只能用whether不能用if的情况1.当ornot紧随连词之后时。如：Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcomeontime.我不知道他能否按时来。2.从句用作介词宾语时。如：Iaminterestedinwhetherhejoinedthearmy.我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。3.在带to的动词不定式前。如：Shedoesn'tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。4.当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如：Whetherthisistrueornot,I'mnotsure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。Practicetime选择if/whether。1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Iwonder___________heiswell.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether注意：只能用if不能用whether的情况1.引导条件状语从句Ifherunsfast,he’llgetthereontime.I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.2.引导否定的宾语从句Tellmeifitisnotgoingtorain,please.时态条件状语从句：主将从现宾语从句：根据需要用相应时态(二)、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）即：助动词不能放在主语前面。改一改将下列问句变成陈述句。1.Canheswim?→swim.2.Doeshehaveapen?→apen.3.Whichplacedidhegoto?→Whichplace.4.What'swrongwithyou?→.5.Whathappenedtoyou?→.6.Whichisthewaytothestation?→.想一想为什么4，5，6语序不变？HecanHehashewenttoWhathappenedtoyouWhat'swrongwithyou说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。WhichisthewaytothestationWhat’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whoisoverthere？注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主语做宾语(三).宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)HeHesaid辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghiswork.hadfinished确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.4.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)5.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)willbegoeshavereturnedhadbeenrisesPracticetime3.如果宾语从句表示客观真理、普遍原理、自然现象、公式定理、名言警句、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比宾语从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是hope,agree,choose,wish,decide等，其后用that引导的宾语从句，若主从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：HeagreedthathecouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.→HeagreedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.2.当主句谓语动词为see,hear,watch,find等词时，其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构，宾补多为不带to的不定式或动词的现在分词。如：Iheardthatshesangsomesongsinthenextroom.→Iheardhersingsomesongsinthenextroom.3.由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddo.→Idon'tknowwhattodo.比一比Idon’tknowwhereIshouldgo.TellmehowIcandoit.Idon’tknowwheretogo.Tellmehowtodoit.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句←→疑问词+todo的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主(2).主(间)宾从主练一练1.Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.(变为简单句）→Idon’tknownext.2.Johndidn’tdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy.(变为简单句）→Johndidn’tdecide.3.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?(变为复合句）→Canyoutellmethebusstop?4.PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5.(变为复合句）→CanyoutellLucytheMP5.宾语从句与简单句的转换①②WhattodowhichbooktobuyhowIcangettohowshecanuse宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词为think,suppose,guess,believe,imagine等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。其反意疑问句看从句。如：Hewon’tcometomorrow.Ibelieve.Idon'tbelievethathewillcometomorrow.Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell,doesit?我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？Idon'tthinkyouareright，areyou?我认为你是错的,是吗？Idon'tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday,willyou?我认为你今天无法完成工作,是吗？Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1Couldyoutellmewheredothe