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ModuleOne语法点的讲练动名词Grammar3什么是非谓语动词啊？“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!那不是谓语是什么呢？。。。。。。谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.Heworks.Hetakescareofthebaby.HewillgotoShanghai.Hedidn’tgotoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.Youarestudents.Youlooksmart.单谓语或动词短语情态动词/助动词+v.系动词+表语概念：非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分.一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,其它动词需用非谓语动词形式使用条件:Eg:Shegotoffthebus,leftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleavingherhandbagonherseat.×leaving×left非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式动名词的定义它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例）时态语态一般时完成时主动语态writinghavingwritten被动语态beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten注意：动名词的否定形式是：notwriting/nothavingwrittenV-ing形式的构成方式：1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。eg.go–going;do–doing;ask–asking;read---readingstudy–studying;carry–carrying;fly–flying;worry–worrying;2.在以不发音的e结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加-ing。eg.come–cominglive–livingdance–dancingmake–making3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加–ing.sit–sitting;run–running;begin–beginning;forget–forgetting4.在少数几个以–ie结尾的动词后：须将–ie变作y，再加-ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明)eg.die–dying;tie–tyinglie–lying性质主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动名词n.pron.动名词能在句中充当什么成分？动名词的基本用法１．用作主语所表动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指）/Toplaywithfireinthisroomisveryfangerous.(表具体一次动作）Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意：动名词做主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing…2)Itisawasteoftime+doing…3)Itisfun+doing…在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收）Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。2.用作宾语1）作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动有：advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,appreciate,dislike,finish,,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,,delay,practise,resist,suggest,.giveup,cannothelpdependon,thinkabout,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can’tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。如：1.Thebankstronglyresistedcuttinginterestrates.2.ItisbetterforyoutopractisespeakingEnglisheveryday.Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。为了便于记忆，特归纳如下：后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜：避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind2）作介词的宾语Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Shallwehavearestorgetdownto______(do)ourwork?我们休息呢还是开始干活？Despitetheylackmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseof_______(get)uplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoout.What/Howaboutthetwoofus_______(play)games？doing×lackinggetting×goingplaying注意：to在下列短语中是介词，常跟动名词作宾语。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdowntopayattentiontodevoteoneselftoleadtocontributetoobjectto（反对）turntoseetosticktoEg:1.Let’sgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.2.Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat,butknowingsuchthingsisn’tofmuchhelpwhenitcomestoshopandeat.×shoppingeating3)动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：giveup,can’thelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout,putoff,thinkof，insiston等1.Shecan’thelpcryingatthesadsight.试比较：IamsobusyandIcan’thelpcleantheroomnow.2.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?试比较：Iwouldliketohaveacupofteanow.4)既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：1)意思相同的动词：likehatebeginstartcontinueintendpreferloveEgItcontinuedraining/torainhard.2)意思发生变化的有：1.remember/forget/regrettodo动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生2.trytodo设法、努力去做，尽力doing试试去做（看有何结果）3.meantodo打算做（主语一般是人）doing意味着（主语一般是物）4.stop/goontodo停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手头的事情1.Hetried_______(stand)upbutfailed.Let’stry_______(tell)himaboutthesadnews.2.Iregret______(tell)youthatIcannotcome.Ireallyregret__________________(miss)hislecture.3.Imeant_______(buy)somebread,butIforgot.Wastingtimemeans________(kill)life.4.Iforgot_______(wake)himupthismorning.Heforgot___________________(turn)thelightoffandwentbacktohaveacheck.5.Shallwegoon________(discuss)thenextquestionofinsurance?Afterashortrest,hewenton________(write)thesameletter.6.Pleaseremember________(give)mybestregardstoyourfamily.tostandtellingtotellmissing/havingmissedtobuykillingtowaketurning/havingturnedtodiscusswriting5.）need,require,want作“需要”解时,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于tobedone。如：Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.另外：deservedoing=tobedoneEg:1.Suchatroublemakerdeservestobepunished/punishing..2Whoeverhasdonesuchathingdeservestobefiredfromourclubsoonerorlater.3.动名词做表语：解释前面的名词1.Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.2.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughtedat.3.HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.4.动名词做定语：awalkingstick=astickwhichisusedforwalkingAwashingmachine=amachineforwashingAreadingroom=aroom…….１）动名词的逻辑主语及复合结构Wouldyoumind_____（我开窗户吗）？Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?my/me称为动名词的逻辑主语．Ican’tunderstandJack/Jack’sleavinghiswife.Ican’tunderstandhis/himleavinghiswife.Jack’s/Hisleavinghiswifeisunbelievable.动名词的逻辑主语＋动名词＝动名词的复合结构动名词的几个注意事项动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1).形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语/宾语:Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:I`msureofhimcomingontime.H