1七年级上册英语语法和练习一、代词1、人称代词和物主代词英语的人称代词有三种不同的人称形式:第一人称;第二人称;第三人称。三种人称又各有单、复数形式。在上列人称代词的不同形式中,还包含了主格、宾格两种“格”的形式。这样,从“格”的形式来划分,英语的人称代词又可归纳为:主格:I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格:me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them此外,还有所有格形式。属格:my,mine,your,yours,his,her,hers,its,our,ours,their,theirs属格又可分为两类:一类是形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)即“物主限定词”;另一类是名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs),即“物主代词”。人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe\he\itthey宾格meusyouyouher\him\itthem物主代词形物代myouryouryourher\his\itstheir名物代mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirs人称代词用法:(1)人称代词主格:做主语,表示谁怎么样了,干什么了。Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent,too.We/You/Theyarestudent.(2)人称代词宾格:作宾语,表示动作行为的对象,一般放在动词的后面。Giveittome.Let’sgo.(let’s=letus)(3)形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词。(4)而名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs)则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如:-Isthisyourbook?-No,itisn’t,it’shers(herbook).[it’sJim’s,it’sTom’s.......]名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例:Mybagisyellow,herbagisred,hisbagisblueandyourbagispink.为避免重复使用bag,可写成Mybagisyellow,hersisred,hisisblueandyoursispink.练习:1.________(我)amateacher.22.Myfatheristalkingwith_______(我).3.Thisis_______(我的)book.4._______(他的)chairisblue.5._______(我们的)classroomisbig.6._______(他)oftenplaysbasketballafterschool.7._______(他的)teacherisgood.8._______(我们)buyapairofshoesfor_______(他).9.Pleasepass_____(我们)theball.10._______(他们)arelisteningtotheradio.11.________(我)amateacher.12.Thisis_______(她的)bag.Thatis__________(他的)13._______(他的)capisblue._____________(我们的)areyellow.14.Ourchairisbetterthan_________(they).15.Iwillgivethepresentsto________(they).16.Thesebooksare________(I),andthoseare____(you).17.Myrulerislong.________(you)isshort.18.Mybikeisbroken.MayIborrow______(she)?19.Canyoushow_______(I)yourbook?20.It’stimefor______(they)togohome.21.Mr.Greenoftentells_______(we)somestories.22.Thesearenotyourdesks.Theyare_____(our).23.Thisisnotmyshirt.It’s_______(he)24.Isaw________(she)intheshopyesterday.人称代词和物主代词练习:(一)用代词的适当形式填空。1.Thereisaletterfor________(her、hers)mother.2.Thatis_____(she)coat.Thecoatisred.___(it)isanewone.3.Whosepensarethese?_______(their)are______(we).4.Give_______(he)atoy,please.5.________(we)eyesareblack.6.TimandBillaretwins._________(them)parentsareteachers.7.Givethebookto__________(I).8.Thesebooksare__________(we).9.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)10.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)11.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)12.______ismybrother._____nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_____.(he)2、指示代词(1)this“这”,其复数形式these“这些”,指代近处的人或物体;(2)that“那”,其复数形式those“那些”,指代远处的人或物。3、指示代词thisthatthesethose作主语,一般疑问句的简略回答(1)Isthis/thatyouraunt?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.3简略回答时,用主格代词it代替(2)Arethese/thoseyouruncles?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.简略回答时,用主格代词they代替用所给的词选择填空1、Thesearepensand____arepencils.(that,this,those)2、Tomwassickyesterday.______iswhyhemissedschool.(That,Those,These)3、Whichof______shirtsareTom's(These,this,that)4、Thisdeskismine,______ishers.(those,this,that)5、ThemapofBeijingisbetterthan______ofTianjing.(this,that,these).二、名词名词:名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。1、不可数名词:表示的事物,其数量不可以数清或者难以数清。例如:water“水”,“水”的数量不可以数清;rice“大米,谷粒”,其数量难以数清。不可数名词用法上有两大特点:(1)、没有复数形式;(2)、不能用不定冠词a/an、基数词、many修饰。2、可数名词:表示的事物,其数量可以数清。可数名词用法上的特点:(1)、有单数、复数两种形式;(2)、能用不定冠词a/an、基数词、many修饰。3、单数名词后加s或es变成复数名词。单数名词后加s或es的方法如下:(1)、一般情况,名词后直接加s(清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音后读/z/)例如:parents“双亲”;aunts“阿姨”;friends“朋友”(2)、以字母e结尾的名词,直接加s(读/z/)例如:uncles“叔叔”;pictures“图画”(3)、以字母O结尾的名词,有的加s,有的加es(读/z/)例如:photos“照片”;tomatoes“西红柿”;(4)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,加es(读/z/)例如:family→families;party→parties(5)、以sxchsh结尾名词,直接加es(读/Iz/)例如:buses“公共汽车”boxes“盒子”wishes“希望”watches“手表”(6)、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,有特殊形式。man→menwoman→womenpeople→peoplechild—children(7)knife的复数形式是knives4、名词所有格:表示“某人的”,名词+’或’s构成。其规则如下:(1)、一般情况下,名词后直接加’s:Jim’s(吉姆的);mymother’s(我的母亲的)2、以s结尾的复数名词,直接加’:myfriends’(我的朋友的);hisstudents’3、一个人或物属各自所有,或者几个人共有,变成所有格。Jim’sandKate’saunts吉姆的阿姨和凯特的阿姨JimandKate’sbirthday吉姆和凯特(共有)的生日一、写出下列词的复数形式4am_________is_________he_________she_______it________that_________this_________you_________pen_________desk_________key_________orange_______boy_________friend_________parent_________class_________child______shelf_________bed_________radio_______photo_______tomato_______woman_________man_________strawberry_________dictionary_________box_________watch_________二、选择填空()1.There____onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos()2.Theoldmanwants_________.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples()3.There_________two_________inthebox.A.is,watchB.are,watchesC.are,watchD.is,watches()4.The____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers()5.___shirtiswhite.A.MybrotherB.MybrothersC.Mybrother’sD.Mybrothers’()6.TodayisSeptember10th.Itis____Day.A.TeachersB.Teachers’C.theTeachers’D.Teacher’s()7.It'sJune1st,it's_______Day.A.ChildrensB.Children‘sC.Childrens'D.Childrens's()8.Thisyear,_______isonMay9th.A.mymother'sbirthdayB.mymothers'brithdayC.mymothersbirthdayD.mym