普通植物病理学试题题库

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《普通植物病理学》复习思考题第一章绪论1.植物病害、病害症状、病征、病因等的定义2.植物病害的类型有几种?各有什么特点?3.植物病害症状的类型及各类症状的特点。第二章植物病原真菌1.什么是真菌?2.真菌的营养体的主要类型、结构与功能。3.真菌无性繁殖、有性生殖的主要方式,以及常见的无性孢子和有性孢子类型。无性孢子和有性孢子在植物病害发生中所起的主要作用。4.什么是准性生殖?准性生殖的意义。5.各亚门各纲的主要特征及分类依据。6.卵菌与其他鞭毛菌的主要区别。7.子囊果的类型、形态和结构。8.担子果的类型和结构。9.半知菌的产孢结构类型和特点。10.转主寄生的锈菌和系统侵染与局部侵染的黑粉菌危害寄主植物的特点,其所致病害的控制可采用哪些措施?11.半知菌的含义。半知菌事实上包含了哪些类型的真菌?为何有的缺乏有性时期的真菌不归在半知菌?12.各纲代表属的特征。普通植物病理学试题题库第一部分:拉丁学名一、病原菌拉丁学名1、真菌Plasmodiophora(根肿菌属)Physoderma(节壶菌属)Achlya(绵霉属)Pythium(腐霉属)Phytophthora(疫霉属)Peronospora(霜霉属)Spongospora(粉痂菌属)Polymyxa(多粘菌属)Saprolegnia(水霉属)Aphanomyces(丝囊霉属)Sclerospora(指梗霉属)Plasmopara(单轴霉属)Pseudoperonospora(假霜霉属)Bremia(盘梗霉属)Albugo(白锈属)Peronophthora(霜疫霉属)Rhizopus(根霉属)Mucor(毛霉属)Choanephora(笄霉属)Absidia(犁头霉属)Taphrina(外囊菌属)Blumeria(布氏白粉属)Ceratocystis(长喙壳属)Gibberella(赤霉属)Valsa(黑腐皮壳属)Elsinoe(痂囊腔菌属)Guignardia(球座菌属)Venturia(黑星菌属)Sclerotinia(核盘菌属)Erysiphe(白粉属属)Sphaerotheca(单丝壳属)Podosphaera(叉丝单囊壳属)Phyllactinia(球针壳属)Uncinula(钩丝壳属)Microsphaera(叉丝壳属)Meliola(小煤炱属)Glomerella(小丛壳属)Gaeumannomyces(顶囊壳属)Cryphonectria(隐球丛赤壳属)Gnomonia(日规壳属)Phyllachora(黑痣菌属)Diaporthe(间座壳属)Claviceps(麦角菌属)Myrangium(多腔菌属)Mycosphaerella(球腔菌属)Sphaerulina(亚球壳属)Pleospora(格孢腔菌属)Pyrenophora(核腔菌属)Cochliobolus(旋孢腔菌属)Rhytisma(斑痣盘菌属)Lophodermium(散斑壳属)Puccinia(柄锈菌属)Gymnosporangium(胶锈菌属)Ustilago(黑粉菌属)Tranzschelia(疣双胞锈菌属)Uromyces(单胞锈菌属)Phakopsora(层锈菌属)Melampsora(栅锈菌属)Urocystis(条黑粉菌属)Entyloma(叶黑粉菌属)Tilletia(腥黑粉菌属)Sphacelotheca(轴黑粉菌属)Neovossia(尾孢黑粉菌属)Doassansia(实球黑粉菌属)Septobasidium(隔担菌属)Helicobasidium(卷担子属)Exobasidium(外担菌属)Phragmidium(多胞锈菌属)Pyricularia(梨孢属属)Penicillium(青霉属)Bipolaris(平脐蠕孢属)Fusarium(镰孢属)Rhizoctonia(丝核菌属)Colletotrichum(炭疽菌属)Macrophomina(壳球孢属)Monilia(丛梗孢属)Botrytis(葡萄孢属)Trichothecium(聚瑞孢属)Ramularia(柱隔孢属)Oidium(粉孢属)Aspergillus(曲霉属)Verticillium(轮枝孢属)Cercospora(尾孢属)Alternaria(链格孢属)Cladosporium(枝孢属)Fusicladium(黑星孢属)Drechslera(内脐蠕孢属)Exserohilum(突脐蠕孢属)Curvularia(弯孢属)Sclerotium(小核菌属)Ustilaginoidea(绿核菌属)Sphaceloma(痂圆孢属)Marssonina(盘二孢属)Cylindrosporium(柱盘孢属)Pestalotia(盘多毛孢属)Phoma(茎点霉属)Phyllosticta(叶点霉属)Macrophoma(大茎点霉属)Phomopsis(拟茎点霉属)Septoria(壳针孢属)Cytospora(壳囊孢属)Diplodia(色二孢属)Ascochyta(壳二孢属)二、请写出引起下列病害的病原菌拉丁文属名(不写种名)十字花科霜霉病十字花科软腐病茄科青枯病马铃薯晚疫病小麦白粉病稻瘟病柑橘溃疡病棉花枯萎病第二部分:名词解释半寄生:孢囊孢子(sporangiospore):孢子(spore):孢子囊(sporangium):胞间联丝:胞囊(cyst):被动抗病性(passiveresistance):闭囊壳(cleistothecium):避病性(avoidance):并发症(complexsymptoms):病毒(Virus):病害三角(diseasetriangle):病害循环(diseasecycle):病害严重度(diseaseseverity):病情指数(diseaseindex):病因:病原生物(pathogen):病征(sign):藏卵器(oogonitun):层出现象(proliferation):长生活史型(longlife-cycle):初次侵染(Primaryinfection):初生菌丝体(primarymyceliun):次生菌丝体(secondarymycelium):单分体病毒:单循环病害(monocyclicdisease):单游现象(rnonoplanetism):单主寄生(autoecism):担孢子(basidiospore):担子(basidium):担子果(basidiocarp):垫刃型食道(Tylenchoidoesophagi):冬孢子(teliospore):毒素(toxin):短生活史型(shortlife-cycle):多分体病毒:多型现象(polymorphism):多循环病害(polycyclicdisease):发病率(incidence):发病期(symptomappearance):非寄主抗性(non-host-resistance):非寄主专化性毒素(host-non-specifictoxin):非侵染性病害(Noninfectiousdiseases):非小种专化抗病性(race-nonspecificre-sistance):非循回型(noncirulative):分生孢子(conidiurn):分生孢子座(sporodochium):分生孢子梗(conidiophore):分生孢子盘(acervulus):分生孢子器(pycnidium):腐生物(saprogen):附生植物(adnascentplant):附属丝(appendage):附着胞(appressorium):复制增殖(multiplication):刚毛(seta):共栖(commensalism):共生〔symbiosis〕:过敏性坏死反应(necrotichypersensitivereaction):合子(zygote):核配(karyogamy):厚垣孢子(chlamydospore):滑刃型食道(Aphelenchoidoesophagi):会阴花纹(perinealpattern):活体营养型(biotrophe):获毒(取食)期(acquisitionperiod):基因对基因学说(gene-for-genetheory):季节流行曲线(diseaseprogresscurve):寄生物(parasite):寄生性(parasitism):寄生性植物(paraaticplaut):寄生专化性(specializedparasitism):寄主(host):寄主专化性毒素(hostspecifictoxin):假根(rhizoid):假菌丝(pseudomycelium):假囊壳(psendoperithecium或pseudothecium):兼性寄生物(facultativeparasite):减数分裂(meiosis):检疫法规(quarantineregulations):胶质(gum):接合孢子〔zygospore〕:节孢子(arthrospore):介体传播(vectortransmission):经济阈值(economicthreshold):菌核(sclerotium):菌落(colony):菌丝(hypha):菌丝融合(anastomosis):菌丝型分生孢子:菌索(rhizomorph):苗网(networksloops):抗病性(resistancetodisease):抗逆性(resistance):柯赫氏法则(Koch'sRule),类病毒(Viroid):两游现象(diplanetism):卵孢子(oospore):卵囊(eggsac):卵球(oosphere):逻辑斯蒂增长期:矛型食道(Dorylaimoidoesophagi):木栓化(suberization):内含体(inclusions):耐病性(tolerance):拟薄壁组织(pseudoparenchyrna):农业防治:配子(gamete):配子囊配合(gametangialcopulation):喷菌现象(bacteriaexudation,BE):匍匐菌丝(stolon):潜育期(incubationperiod):侵染过程(infectionprocess):侵染剂量(infectiondosage):侵染性病害(infectiondisease):侵入期(penetrationperiod):侵填体(tylose):全锈型(eu-formrust):缺素症(nutritiondeficiencies):茸鞭(tinsel):神经环(nervering):生化变种(biovar):生活史(lifecycle):生物防治(biologicalcontrol):受精作用(spermatization):疏丝组织(prosenchyma):死体营养型(necrotroph):锁状联合(clampconnection):同宗配合(homothallism):微效基因抗病性(minorgeneresistance):尾鞭(whiplash):卫星RNA(satelliteRNA,sRNA):无隔菌丝(aseptatehypha):无性孢子(asexualspore):无性繁殖(asexualreproduction):无性阶段(imperfectstage):物理防治:吸器(haustonum):系统侵染(systemicinfection):夏孢子(uredispore或urediniospore):线虫(nematodes):小种(race):小种专化抗病性(race-specificresistance):性孢子(pycrrospore):性不亲和(sexualincompatible):性亲和(sexualcompatible):雄器(antheridium)休眠孢子囊(restingsporangium):休止孢(cystcspore):锈孢子(aecicepore):循回期(circulativeperiod):循回型关系(circulative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