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Lesson88Trappedinamine困在矿井里【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）trapv.陷入，使陷于困境surfacen.地面，表面explosiven.炸药vibrationn.震动collapsev.坍塌drillv.钻孔capsulen.容器layern.层、層次beneathprep.在......之下lowerv.放下，降低progressv.进展，进行smoothlyadv.顺利地一．單詞講解：★trap（1）v.陷入，使陷于困境eg：Hewastrappedinthegamepreserve.他被困在禁獵區。inthegamepreserve在禁獵區（2）v.將（某人）誘入圈套、誘騙（某人）trapsbintodoing誘使某人做某事eg：Theytrappedherintomarringhim.他們又騙她嫁給了他。（3）n.（捕鳥、獸等用的）圈套、陷阱abearcaughtinatrap熊陷入陷阱setatrapformouse＝setamousetrap設（陷阱）；張（羅網）；揚（帆），鉤住（4）n.詭計、圈套、策略eg：Hefellintoatrap.他掉進了陷阱★surface（1）n.地面，表面asmoothsurface光滑的表面（2）n.外表、外觀lookonlyatthesurfaceofthings只看事情的表面onthesurface表面上的、外觀上的friendshiponthesurface表面上的友誼eg：Youlookedsatisfiedonthesurfacethen.那個時候你看起來表面上很滿足。（3）adj.外表的surfacedifferences表面上的差異；surfacekindness表面上的好心短語：surfacemail陸（水）路郵件、普通郵件（相反的airmail）sendaletterbysurfacemail寄普通郵件★explosive（1）n.炸药highexplosive強力炸藥（2）adj.爆發的、爆發性的anexplosivesubstance爆炸物explosionn.（1）爆發、爆裂、爆炸聲agasexplosion瓦斯爆炸（2）爆發anexplosionoflaughter爆發出笑聲explodev.（1）（炸藥、煤氣等）爆炸事件eg：Theheatexplodedthecorkedbottle.熱氣使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。（2）（因生氣、笑等）使（感情）爆發、（感情）爆發eg：Heexplodedinanger.勃然大怒eg：Hisjealousyexplodedwhenshekissedanotherboy.看她吻了另一個男孩、他醋勁大發。＊jealousy[ˈdʒeləsi]n.妒忌；猜忌★vibrationn.震动thevibrationofthetraffic車輛來往產生的振動。vibrate（1）v.振動、搖動eg：Hisshouldersvibratedwithanger.他氣到雙肩顫動。（2）v.受……而感動，（心）顫動、驚動eg：Myheartvibratedtothesoulfulpainting.那張充滿感情的畫感動了我的心靈。★collapse（1）v.坍塌、瓦解、崩潰eg：Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofsnow.雪把房頂壓塌了.eg：Theheavyfloodcollapsedthebridge.大洪水使橋樑倒塌了。（2）v.（計劃、事業等）垮掉、挫敗eg：Ourprojectcollapsedbecauseofshortageoffunds.因為資金短缺，我們的計畫挫敗。（3）v.摺疊、可摺疊eg：Thistablecollapses,soIcanstoreiteasily.這種桌子可以折疊,不用時很容易收藏。collapseatent把帳篷折疊起來★drill（1）v.钻孔drillaholeinthewall在牆上鑽個洞drillatooth鑽牙齒（2）v.訓練（某人），反覆練習、接受訓練drilltroops練兵drillinEnglishpronunciation英語發音練習（3）n.錐子、鑽孔機anelectricdrill電鑽makeaholewithadrill用鑽打洞（4）n.訓練、演練、演習afiredrill消防演習drillinEnglishwords英文單字反覆練習★capsulen.容器、膠囊eg：Heswallowedtwocapsulesatatime.他一下吃了兩粒膠囊。medicine：pill[pil]藥丸、powder[ˈpaudə]藥粉、tablet[ˈtæblit]藥片、capsule[ˈkæpsju:l]膠囊★layer（1）n.层、一層alayerofclay一層泥＊clay[klei]n.粘土，泥土acakewithtwolayers兩層蛋（2）置放者、砌……的人（通常構成複合詞）abricklayer泥瓦匠（3）下蛋的雞agoodlayer常下蛋的雞←→abadlayer不常下蛋的雞★beneath（1）prep.在......之下（可用已表示接觸或未接觸時，稍為嚴謹的表達法，一般多用under）eg：Let’stakearestbeneaththetree.讓我們在樹下休息。eg：Thegroundbeneathmyfeetwassoft.我腳下的土地鬆軟。（2）（地位、價值）較…….差的，較……不值的的eg：Hisworkisbeneathcontempt.他的行為使人不屑一顧eg：Suchwordsarebeneathyou.說這些話有些失你身份。★lower（1）v.放低（高度、位置），降低eg：Sheloweredhereyes.他垂下眼睛。loweraflag降旗；lowerthesails降帆lowerthewaterinthecanal降低運河中的水位（2）v.降低（價格、數量、程度、聲音等）lowertherentofahouse降低房租；lowerone’svoice壓低聲音theLowerHouse（兩院治的）下議院theHouseofRepresentatives（美）眾議院theHouseofCommons（英）下議院theUpperHouse上議院★progress（1）[ˈprəˈgres]v.进展，进行eg：Wearenowprogressingsteadilywithourwork我們現在工作進展順利。（2）v.進步、上進eg：Youhaveprogressedquicklyinmathematics.你在數學上進步迅速。（1）n.[ˈprəugres]前進、進行makeswiftprogresstowardthedestination朝目的地迅速前進。makeslowprogresstowardthedestination朝目的地緩慢前進。（2）n.進步theprogressofmedicine醫藥的進步★smoothlyadv.顺利地、平滑地gosmoothly進展順利eg：Theescalatordidn’toperatesmoothly.自動扶梯沒有順利運作＊escalator[ˈeskəleitə]n.自動扶梯＊operate[ˈɔpəreit]vi.運轉；動手術；起作用vt.操作；經營smooth（1）adj.平滑的、順利的（反義詞rough）asmoothskin光滑的皮膚；asmoothroad順暢的道路eg：Hiseffortsmadethesmoothpassageofthebillpossible.他的努力使該法案得以順利通過。（2）adj.口齒伶俐的asmoothtalker一個能說會道的人（3）adj.溫和的eg：Heissmoothinhismanners.他舉止彬彬有禮。（4）v.使平滑（坦）smoothoutatablecloth鋪平桌布eg：Don’tforgettosmoothdowntheboardbeforeyoupaintit.在刷油漆之前別忘了把木料打磨光滑。二．Keystructures：if條件句真實條件句：主將從現非真實條件件句：與現在事時相反或對不可能的情況假設主句：woulddo……從句：一般過去式與過去事實相反的假設主句：wouldhavedone……從句：haddone…….Exercise：1.用正確的動詞填空（1）Iftheyarenotbrought（notbring）tothesurfacesoon,theymaylosetheirlives.（2）Ifexplosiveareused,vibrationswillcause（cause）theroofoftheminetocollapse.（3）Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneathsoil,theywouldhavecompleted（complete）thejobinafewhours.（4）Iftheyknowhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldlose（lose）heart.2.用正確的動詞填空（1）Ifhehadfittedsafetybeltstohiscar,hewouldnothavebeeninjured.（notinjure）（2）Themanwouldhavebeensavedifahelicopterhadbeen（be）available.（3）Ifyoucomehomelateyouwillfind（find）thekeyunderthemat.（4）Iwouldhavefoundthehouseeasilyifhehadgiven（give）methecorrectaddress.（5）Ifsmokingisforbidden（forbid）illnesseswillbereduced.【Text】Whyistherescuetakingsolong?Sixmenhavebeentrappedinamineforseventeenhours.Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.However,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.Rescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.Theyintendtobringthemenupinaspecialcapsule.Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.Asitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.Theyhavebeentoldthatrescueoperationsareprogressingsmoothly.Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardr