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中考书面表达的类型及分析中考作文常考类型一、看图作文二、话题作文三、应用文（书信）基础写作四重奏:•1.信息划分:确定哪些相关的信息可用一句话表达,确保5个句子表达完所有的信息.建议可在题目上用铅笔做①,②,③,④,⑤的标志(完整性)•2.列出关键词组和句型(准确性)•3.串联句子:用正确的语法结构写出准确的句子,并形成篇章(连贯性)•4.检查(准确性)句子的分类简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子.并列句:主谓结构+连词(and,but,so,or……)+主谓结构(或更多的主谓结构)复合句:引导词+主谓结构,主谓结构(从句)(主句)写一个完整的句子这几句是正确的句子吗?如果你认为有误,该怎么改?1.Themeetingwilluntil3:00.2.Workhard,youwillsucceed.3.Ihaveabrother,whoisadoctor.4.Thereareonly4studentstakepartintheclass.lastand^^^whotaking/totake五种基本的简单句1.主语+不及物动词2.主语+及物动词+宾语Birdsfly.Busesrunfromdawntillmidnight.Wearestudyinghard.Wehavereadmanybooks.Theydoshoppingattheweekend.WearelearningEnglish.3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Wearestudents.Hebecameascientist.Thatsoundsgood.HegaveTomapresent.Heofferedmeajob.Wemadehimourmonitor.Themanagerthinkstheplanpractical.Hewillhavehisbikerepaired.Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherlikethat.并列句1.用连词/副词(and,but,so,for,or,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,while,both…and,however,therefore…)1)LiMingis18yearsoldandheisastudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.2)Hurryuporyou’llbelateforschool.3)Imustgonow,formysisteriswaitingforme.2.用“;”3.用“;+adv”1)Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchanything.1)Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchanything.2)Thecarwasalmostnew;besides,itwasinexcellentcondition.,butwe,soall…2)Lilydoeswellinstudy;alltheteachersthinkhighlyofher.复合句复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构,其中有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个／些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一（些）成分，,如:主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语,状语等.根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,状语从句等.判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1)Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetingisstillaquestion.2)ThelettersaysthattheyareleavingonFriday.3)That’swhattheyshoulddo.4)WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeandvisitChinaagain.5)ThisistheverydictionarythatIamlookingfor.6)Astimewenton,Einstein’stheoryprovedtobecorrect.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句•连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚．句子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧义或矛盾．Timeorder:•First,…•Firstofall,…•Second,…•Third,…•Next,…•Afterthat,…•Then…•Finally,…Spaceorder•Ontheright,…•Ontheleft,…•Inthecenter,…•Inthemiddle,…•Nexttothe…,…•Besidethe…,…•Oppositethe______,…•Nearthe______,…•Underthe______,…•Abovethe______,…•Ononesideofthe______,…•Ontheothersideofthe______,…Transitionsignals1、递进：besides,inaddition,what’smore2、转折和对比：but,however,ontheotherhand,3、总结：inshort,inbrief,forthesereasons4、因果和结论：asaresult,dueto,becauseof,thus,therefore5、强调：really,indeed,surely6、其它插入语：worsestill/what’sworse,afterall,ifpossible,培养英语思维---词的搭配•大雨•大桥•大楼•大错•大写•大病•大地震heavyrainlongbridgehighrise/largebuildingbig/terrible/seriousmistakecapitalletterseriousillnessmajorearthquake句的表达注意汉英差异：一、状语e.g.她一周有三个下午在一家百货公司做兼职。Sheworksparttimeinadepartmentstorethreeafternoonsaweek.在我十岁那年我和家人经历了一次奇妙的旅行。ItookafantastictripwithmyfamilywhenIwastenyearsold.二、谓语动词汉语：无动词或多动词英语：单动词e.g.我妈妈很漂亮。Mymotherispretty.我们又唱又跳。Wesanganddanced.我们邀请他们到上海来玩。WeinvitedthemtocometoShanghaiforavisit.你上课常常缺席所以我想要提醒你。YouareoftenabsentfromclasssoIwanttoremindyou.三、主语e.g.活到老，学到老。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.很难说谁对谁错。It’shardtotellwhoisrightandwhoiswrong.昨天找到了丢失的钢笔。Thelostpenwasfoundyesterday.上饭店吃饭很贵。It’sexpensivetoeatout.乘飞机旅行更舒适、便捷。Travellingbyplaneisfasterandmoreconvenient.四、定语汉：常常是前置定语英：前置和后置定语e.g.我们学校的所有学生allthestudentsinourschool左边数第五个男孩thefifthboyfromtheleft英国人的日常生活everydaylivesoftheBritish在中国骑车的人数thenumberofcyclistsinChina几种气体的混合物amixtureofseveralgases介词短语作后置定语三到六岁的孩子Childrenfrom3to6yearsofage隔壁的音像店themusicstorenextdoor用英语写的信theletter(s)inEnglish晚上最晚一班返回的公交车thelastbusbackintheevening城市生活的嘈杂、脏乱thenoiseanddirtofcitylife玩/放松的时间timetoplay/relax当一个音乐家的计划planstobeamusician出国学习的机会thechancetostudyabroad供人坐着休息的安静场所aquietplaceforpeopletositin/rest找到任何一个可以询问的人findanyonetoask动词不定式作后置定语城市用水waterusedbycities不乱扔垃圾的习惯thehabitofnotthrowingawayrubbish我曾经生活的村庄thevillagewhereIstayed/lived我昨晚吃的某样东西somethingIatelastnight到月球去的宇航员astronautswhotraveledtothemoon孩子们喜欢吃的食物food(which)childrenlike分词、定语从句等作后置定语检查1.时态2.主谓一致3.名词单复数4.单词拼写5.动词的过去式,过去分词6.句子是否完整Writingtips:1.时态一致必须注意所用时态符合上下文。如果用过去时叙述一个故事，就要保证通篇都用过去时，不要在作文中间变成现在时。同样，如果是在谈论普遍问题、现状或日常习惯，就要用现在时，而不要用过去时。e.g.YesterdayIdidmyhomework.Ittakesmethreehours.Hisfatherthoughtheisgoodatmath.Shestartedhernewjoblastweek.Shelikedit.Wedidn’tgototheparty.Wearen’tinvited.tookwaslikesweren’tWritingtips:2.主语一致应该保持全文人称一致，这样读者才能跟随一个逻辑思维顺序。否则读者会感到困惑。e.g.Althoughyoumayfailtheexam,hecanstillbeusefultothecountry.Itnotonlyprovidesyouwithlotsofknowledgebutalsodevelopshisinterests.youyourWritingtips:4.词序/语序它能够帮助准确表达作者本意并并避免意义含糊不清。注意要让句子尽量保持英语的表达习惯。e.g.Ialreadyhavehadlunch.ShewithhermumtraveledtoItaly.Ialwaysbethewinnerofthepianocontest.InChina,heknewtherewerebigfloods.IjustwonderwhatdoesmyfuturelikeandwhatshouldIdo.havealreadyShetraveledtoItalywithhermum.amalwaysHeknewtherewerebigfloodsinChina.IjustwonderwhatmyfatherlikesandwhatIshoulddo.Writingtips:5.并列句用并列句能使文章更生动流畅，它包含两个独立分句和一个连词，如：and,but,or,so等。e.g.Theyknowwhatisbetterandtheyarealwaysright.Itwascrowded.Wewereabletoseehim.Itwascrowdedbutwewereabletoseehim.Sheisatopstudent.Sheisatalentedmusician.Sheisatopstudentandatalentedmusician.Thoughhedoesn’thavemuchmoney,buthisheartisfulloflove.两个分句不要重复同一个单词。每个分句都必须有一个动词；每两个分句组成的句子