建筑相关英语词汇

-1-建筑专业部分相关英语词汇建筑类型类民用建筑civilarchitecture工业建筑industrialbuilding居住区residentialarea坡地住宅steppedhillsidehouse联排住宅terracedhouse错层式住宅split-levelhouse半独立式住宅semi-detachedhouse公寓apartment,flat多层建筑multi-storeyblock高层建筑high-riseblock商业建筑businesspremises乡土建筑vernaculararchitecture本土建筑，地域建筑localarchitecture绿色建筑greenarchitecture基础设施infrastructure设计过程类可行性研究feasibilitystudy进度表timeschedule方案草图preliminarysketch初步设计preliminarydesign施工设计finaldesign详图设计detaildesign图纸drawing平面图plan立面图elevation东立面图eastelevation南立面图southelevation西立面图westelevation北立面图northelevation横剖面crosssection纵剖面longitudinalsection轴测图isometricview鸟瞰图bird’s-eyeview施工图workingdrawing总体规划图masterplan-2-索引图key,keyplan现场质量管理sitesupervision工程质量管理projectsupervision验收finalapproval建筑指标类层高storyheight居住面积livingarea建筑占地面积coveredarea容积率plotratio覆盖率coverage绿地率ratioofgreenspace人口密度populationdensity居住密度densityofsettlement建筑元素类走廊corridor,passage挑廊overhangingcorridor檐廊eavescorridor回廊cloister凉廊loggia过街楼arcade门斗foyer阁楼attic阳台balcony雨篷canopy自然层floor维护结构envelopenclosure围护性幕墙enclosingcurtainwall装饰性幕墙decorativefacedcurtainwall落地窗Frenchwindow百叶窗shutter,louverwindow起居室livingroom餐室diningroom厨房kitchen浴室bathroom淋浴shower单人卧室singlebedroom双人卧室doublebedroom备餐室pantry-3-洗衣间laundry贮藏室storeroom地下室basement半地下室semi-basement永久性顶盖permanentcap螺旋楼梯spiralstaircase建筑结构类梁beam,girder圈梁ringbeam简支梁suspendedbeam悬臂梁cantileverbeam固端梁fixed-endbeam连续梁continuousbeam拱arch板slab,plate简支板suspendedslab嵌固板fixed-edgeslab单向板one-wayslab双向板two-wayslab肋形板ribbedslab井字形梁板groinedslab壳shell柱column墙wall承重墙loadbearingwall桁架truss框架framework排架bentframe刚架（刚构）rigidframe桩pile板桩sheetpile结构structure基础foundation地基foundationsoil,subgrade,subbase木结构timberstructure拱结构archstructure钢结构steelstructure砌体结构masonrystructure混凝土（砼）结构concretestructure混合结构mixedstructure板柱结构slab-columnsystem-4-框架结构framestructure折板结构folded-platestructure壳体结构shellstructure悬索结构cable-suspendedstructure充气结构pneumaticstructure拉膜结构tensilestructure剪力墙（结构墙）结构shearwallstructure框架-剪力墙结构frame-shearwallstructure筒体结构tubestructure悬挂结构suspendedstructure扩展（扩大）基础spreadfoundation刚性基础rigidfoundation独立基础singlefooting联合基础combinedfooting条形基础stripfoundation壳体基础shellfoundation箱形基础boxfoundation筏形基础raftfoundation桩基础pilefoundation沉箱基础caissonfoundation管柱基础cylinderpilefoundation,cylindercaissonfoundation基床bed,bedding建筑构造类壁纸wallpaper墙面砖walltile地面砖floortile勒脚，柱础plinth踢脚skirting木踢脚timberskirting榫槽，地槽groove墙槽wallconduit墙基wallfooting踢脚skirting凹圆踢脚covedskirting凹形线脚sunkmoulding凹缝openjoint平缝buttjoint伸缩缝expansionandcontractionjoint沉降缝settlementjoint防震缝aseismicjoint变形缝deformationjoint-5-施工缝constructionjoint防潮层moisturebarrier隔热保温层heatinsulation防水waterproofing防湿moistureproofing防潮dampproofing隔声soundproofing外墙externalwall内墙internalwall隔墙partitionwall女儿墙parapetwall踏面tread踢面riser防滑条reeding栏杆railing扶手handrail排水沟drainageditch护坡slopeprotection,revetment挡土墙retainingwall建筑材料类钢筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete现浇混凝土cast-in-situconcrete预制混凝土precastconcrete预应力混凝土prestressedconcrete加气混凝土aeratedconcrete碎石混凝土rubbleconcrete清水混凝土exposedconcrete水泥cement石灰lime水泥砂浆cementmortar石灰砂浆limemortar石膏gypsum熟石膏plasterofParis砂sand砾石gravel砖brick空心砌块hollowblock混凝土砌块concreteblock木材timber瓦roofingtile屋面毡roofingfelt-6-钢筋reinforcingsteel涂料paint景观设计类广场square水景waterfeature圆形剧场，露天剧场amphitheatre儿童乐园children’splayground羽毛球场badmintoncourt篮球场basketballcourt网球场tenniscourt停车场parkingarea屋顶花园roofgarden,greenroof凉亭pavilion花架pergola（比较：宝塔pagoda）行车道carriageway人行道sidewalk自行车道bicyclepath国外建筑类多立克柱Doriccolumn爱奥尼亚柱Ioniccolumn科林斯柱Corinthiancolumn古典主义的classical新古典主义的neoclassical拜占庭Byzantine文艺复兴renaissance帕拉迪奥母题Palladianmotive巴洛克baroque洛可可rococo哥特式gothic罗马风Romanesque新艺术运动artnouveau现代主义运动modernmovement现代主义modernism后现代主义post-modernism解构主义deconstructionism邻里单位neighbourhoodunit田园城市gardencity