小升初形容词副词

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形容词和副词一.形容词1.修饰名词,描述其性质、品质、特征等的词。一般“…的”的词都是形容词。如:Sheisabeautifulgirl.(漂亮的)2.在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。如:Ihaveaninterestingbook.(interesting有趣的,修饰book,在句中作定语)Wearehappytoday.(happy快乐的,在句中作表语)Studentsshouldkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.(clean干净的,tidy整洁的,在句中都作宾语补足语)3.多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排列顺序限定词+外观类+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词(简记:县官行令色国才)如:atall17-year-oldblackAmericanboy.一个17岁的高个子黑皮肤美国男孩。thebigroundredwoodentable.又大又圆的红色木质饭桌。二.副词:1.通常修饰动词,表示动作的程度、方式等。还可修饰形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子,在句中作状语。一般“…地”的词都是副词。如:Youmustlistentotheteachercarefully.(仔细地,认真地)2.副词的分类1)时间副词:now,today等2)频度副词:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never2)地点副词:here,there,upstairs,downstairs等3)方式副词:carefully,fast,well,politely等4)程度副词:much,little,quite等5)疑问副词:how,when,where,why等三.形容词转化成副词1.一般在形容词后加ly,如:quick-quickly2.以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i,加ly,如:happy-happily3.以ue结尾的形容词,去e加ly,如:true-truly注:有些词兼有形容词和副词的词性,如:fast,hard,high,late,far等,它们的词性只有通过具体语境来判断。另外,有些以ly结尾的词不是副词,而是形容词,如:friendly,lovelylonely,lively等。四.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成1.比较级:两者之间进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式,如tall-taller,well-better2.最高级:三者或三者以上进行比较时形容词和副词的变化形式,如long-longest3.比较级和最高级的变化规则:规则变化(单音节和少数双音节):a.在词尾直接加-er/est,如:short-shorter-shortestb.词尾是e,只加-r/st,如:nice-nicer-nicestc.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-er/est,如:happy-happier-happiestd.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加-er/est,如:big-bigger-biggeste.其他双音节词和多音节词,其前加more/most,如:more/mostdelicious不规则变化:如下表(简记为:好、坏、多、少、远)词义原级比较级最高级好good/wellbetterbest坏bad/badly/illworseworst多many/muchmoremost少littlelessleast远farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest五.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法:1.原级的用法:用于两者之间对比,意思为“……和……相同”相当于thesameas…肯定句:A+动词.+as+形容词/副词原级+asBTomisashonestasJack.JackrunsasfastasPeter.否定句:A+动词.+notas/so.+形容词/副词原级+asBThistreeisnotas/sotallasthatone.2.比较级的用法:1)A+动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+BSusanishappierthanJane.LilyrunfasterthanMary注:形容词/副词比较级前还可以用much,even,still,alittle,far,alot,abit来修饰。2)数字(倍数)+形容词/副词比较级+thanI’mtwoyearsolderthanyou.Ourclassroomistwicebiggerthanyours.3)比较级+and+比较级,表示“越来越……”Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.4)the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越……,就越……”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。(多多益善)3.最高级用法:用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,最高级前加the,最高级前有物主代词,序数词和名词所有格时,不加定冠词,后面跟带in或of表范围的短语。1)oneofthe+最高级ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.2)比较级句型表达最高级意义A+动词+比较级+than+anyother+B(单数)如:TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.A+动词+比较级+than+theother+B(复数)如:TheChangjiangRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.以上两句意思相当于:TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.随堂演练(满分100分)一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级、最高级(23*1分=23分)old________young_______tall______long________short________strong________big________small_______fat________thin__________heavy______light________nice________good_________beautiful_________________low_________high_________slow_______fast________late_________early_________far_________well_______二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式:(23*1分=23分)1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).15.Thechilddoesn’t_____(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.三、小小翻译家:(62*0.5分=31分)1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。________is_________thanJim?________are.2、谁比David更强壮?是GaoShan._________________thanDavid?GaoShan________.3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。_________pencilis_________,______or________?________is,Ithink.4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的。_________apples________________,your_______oryour_______?My_______________________.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。He_______as__________as________________Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦。________________as_________as______twin_______?No,__________________thanhim.8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLing________to_______________thanSuYangeveryday.9.我跳得和Mike一样远。I_________as_______asMike.10.Tom比你跑得快吗?不是的,他和我跑得一样快。____Tom__________thanyou?No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.11.多做运动,你会更强壮。________moreexercise,you’ll_________________soon.12.我的科学很好,但是语文不好。I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.13.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低。____you_______thekite_____thanWangbing?No,I______it_____than___.14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_______.Allmy____________________thanme.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My__________up_____thanme.16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的。____thegirls__________________theboys?Yes,they____.17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。Shedoesn’t_________inPE.ButIdon’t___________than_____.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好。___you____football_____thanyourclassmates?No,they____as____asme.五、选词填空(18*1分=18分)1.Mysisterisgetting_____.A.faterandfaterB.fatterandfatterC.morefatterandfatterD.moreandmorefatter2.Theyare________tousthanbefore.A.friendB.friendlyC.morefriendlyD.friendier3.Jackisthe______boy________ourclass.A.tallest.inB.taller.inC.mo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