高级英语第一册-Unit10-The-trial-that-rocked-the-world

Unit10Book1ⅠIntroductionoftheTextTheTrialThatRockedtheWorldJohnScopesTheMonkeyTrial,TheScopesTrial1925,Dayton,TenesseessDaytonJohnScopesⅡDetailedStudyoftheTextTheScopesTrialTime:July,1925Thecounselformydefence:criminallawyerClarenceDarrowLeadingcounselfortheprosecution:WilliamJenningsBryan,orator,DemocraticnomineeforPresidentoftheU.S.,leaderofthefundamentalistmovement01Jul1925MonkeyTrialBryanDarrowClarenceSewardDarrowca.1922Bryanaddressesacrowdfromatrainin1908Bryangivingaspeechduringhis1908runforthepresidencyBryancampaigningforPresident,October1896.Aged36,heremainstheyoungestmajorpresidentialnomineeinU.S.history.Bryananunknownschool-teacherinDayton,TennesseeatrialreportedtheworldoverAdozendistinguishedprofessorsandscientistscametotestifyonmybehalfDetailedStudyoftheTextDarrowhadwhisperedthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulderaswewerewaitingforthecourttoopen.Transferredepithet转移修饰语；移就“afigureofspeechinwhichtheepithetistransferredfromtheappropriatenountomodifyanothertowhichitdoesnotreallybelong”(ADictionaryofLiteraryTerms)Hisstoriesachievednothingbutcheaplaughs.他的故事仅仅赚了点儿廉价的笑声。Theyprolongedtheclaspforthephotographers,exchangingsmilingwords.他们延长握手的时间，让摄影师照相，同时微笑着交谈。TransferredepithetFranklinRooseveltlistenedwithbright-eyedsmilingattention,sayingnothing,andapplaudingheartilywiththerest.富兰克林·罗斯福目光炯炯，满脸笑容，聚精会神地听着；他没说什么，只是跟大伙儿开心地鼓掌喝彩。相思枕上的长夜，怎样的厌厌难尽啊！（闻一多《红豆》）怒发冲冠，凭栏处，萧萧雨歇。抬望眼仰天长啸，壮怀激烈。（岳飞《满江红》）自春来，惨绿愁红，芳心事事可可。（柳永《定风波》）Transferredepithetaclashbetweenthefundamentalistsandthemodernists.Thefundamentalists:aliteralinterpretationoftheOldTestamentThemodernists:acceptedDarwin’stheoryofevolutionfundamentalistmovementFundamentalismwasstronginTennesseeandthestatelegislaturehadrecentlypassedalawprohibitingtheteachingofanytheorythatdeniesthestoryofcreationastaughtintheBible.Nobodycouldteachbiologywithoutteachingevolution.SinceIhadbeenteachingbiology,Iwassentfor.DetailedStudyoftheText“Let’stakethisthingtocourt,andtestthelegalityofit.”TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion(ACLU)to“establishthatateachermaytellthetruthwithoutbeingsenttojail.”Bryanvolunteeredtoassistthestateinprosecutingme.Darrowofferedhisservicestodefendme.DetailedStudyoftheTextThepresidingjudge:JohnRaulstonThecounselforprosecutingme:Bryan,assistedbyhisson,alsoalawyer,andTennessee’sattorney-generalMycounsel:Darrow,68,agnostic;Malone,43,Catholic;Hays,Jew—Atrialinwhichreligionplayedakeyrole.agnostic:n.apersonwhoisnotsurewhetherornotGodexistsorwhobelievesthatwecannotknowwhetherGodexistsornot不可知论者infidel:n.(olduse)anoffensivewayofreferringtosbwhodoesnotbelieveinwhatthespeakerconsiderstobethetruereligion异教徒；不信正统宗教者CharlesW.andWilliamJ.BryanDarrowandBryanchatincourtduringtheScopesTrial“Abuzzranthroughthecrowd…MyfatherhadcomefromKentuckytobewithmeforthetrial.”Introduction:thebackgroundofthetrialWhen,where,why,whoDetailedStudyoftheTextPart1Thejudgecalledforalocalministertoopenthesessionwithprayer,andthetrialgotunderway.Onthe12jurors,threehadneverreadanybookexcepttheBible;onecouldn’tread.ThefirstdayofthetrialPreliminarysparringoverlegalitiesDarrowgotuptomakehisopeningstatement.Heisherebecauseignoranceandbigotryarerampant.Wearemarchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthesixteenthcentruy.Response:“Thatdamnedinfidel,”awomanwhisperedloudlyashefinishedhisaddress.ThefirstdayofthetrialThefollowingdayofthetrialTheprosecutionbegancallingwitnessesagainstme.Twoofmypupilstestified.Aftertheevidencewascompleted,Bryanrosetoaddressthejury.Malonepoppeduptoreply.AlthoughMalonehadwontheoratoricalduelwithBryan,thejudgeruledagainstpermittingthescientiststotestifyforthedefence.WhenthecourtadjournedDayton’sstreetsswarmingwithstrangersHawkerscriedtheirwaresJ.R.Darwin’sEverythingtoWearStoreApedisplayH.L.Menckenwrotesulphurousdispatches.Twenty-twotelegraphistsweresendingout165000wordsadayonthetrial.PunOneshopannounced:DARWINISRIGHT—INSIDE.(ThiswasJ.R.Darwin’sEverythingtoWearStore.)HenryLouisMencken(September12,1880–January29,1956)MenckenisfictionalizedintheplayInherittheWindasthecynicalsarcasticatheistE.K.Hornbeck(right).OntheleftisHenryDrummond,basedonClarenceDarrow.TheclimaxofthetrialThetrialwasresumedoutsideunderthemaples.DarrowspranghistrumpcardbycallingBryanasawitnessforthedefence.TheclimaxofthetrialDarrowaskedBryanifhebelievedthatthesunwascreatedonthefourthday.Bryansaidthathedid.ThenDarrowenquired,“Howcouldtherehavebeenamorningandeveningwithoutanysun?”Reaction:Bryanmoppedhisbalddomeinsilence.Sniggersfromthecrowd,evenamongthefaithful.TheclimaxofthetrialDarrowaskedBryanifhebelievedthatGodpunishedtheserpentbycondemningsnakesforeveraftertocrawlupontheirbellies.Bryanansweredintheaffirmative.ThenDarrowaskedBryanifhehadanyideahowthesnakewentbeforethattime.TheclimaxofthetrialReaction:Thecrowdlaughed.AndBryanturndlivid.Hisvoiceroseandthefaninhishandshookinanger.“IwanttheworldtoknowthatthismanwhodoesnotbelieveinGodisusingaTennesseecourttocastslursonHim.”Thejudgeadjournedcourtuntilnextday.Bryanstoodforlornlyalone.SpectatorspushedbyhimtoshakeDar