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1TheTrialThatRockedtheWorldPart1Generalintroduction1.abouttheauthor:JohnScopes(1900——1970)onceaschool-teacherinDayton,Tennessee.Principleofthe“MonkeyTrial”.Laterbecameageologistforanoilcompany.2.Backgroud:⑴Foranumberofyearsaclashhadbeenbuildingupbetweenthefundamentalist(基要主义者)andthemodernists(现代主义者).③⑵fundamentalismwasstronginTennessee,andthestatelegislaturehadpassedalawprohibitingtheteachingof“anytheorythatdeniesthestoryofcreationastaughtintheBible”④⑶TheexitsofDarwin’sevolution.⑷JohnScopestaughtthestudentsevolution.3.abouttheaffair1、Reason:JohnScopestaughtthestudentsevolutionwhichwasconsideredagainstthelaw.2、Time:July10,19253、Place:AcourtinDayton,Tennessee.4、Conflicts:CharactersClarenceDarrow(counsel,lawyer)Malone(Catholic,counsel)Hays(Jew,counsel)GeorgeRappelyea(engineer)KirtleyMather(Professor,scientist)VSWilliamJenningsBryan（orator）JohnButler(farmer)TomStewart(lawyer,attorney-general)12jurors(陪审团成员),threehadneverreadanybookexcepttheBible.Onecouldn'treadPointofviews⒈AcceptedthetheoryadvancedbyCharlesDarwin——⒈Theyareadheretoaliteralinterpretationofthe2allanimallifehadevolvedfromacommonancestor.③⒉ThereasonwhyJohnScopeswasaccusedisignoranceandbigotryarerampant.⒀⒊IfsonooneWoulddaretobringanyintelligenceandenlightensandculturetothehumanmind.⒁⒋ThetruthiseternalAndneedsnohumanagencytosupportit.(24)OldTestament(圣约书)③⒉Mancamefromabove.(20)⒊”TheBible”isnotgoingtobedrivenoutfromthiscourtbyexperts.(21)5.Result:Thetrailturnedtobea“victoriousdefeat”.Theverdictwasguilty.JohnScopeswasfined100dollarsandcosts.HewasofferedhisteachingjobbackbuthedeclinedandhegotscholarshiptotheUniversityofChicago.6.Influences:Sincethetrial,theschoolsandlegislativeofficesoftheUnitedStateshavedeeplyaffected,andtheintellectualandacademicfreedomhasgrown.Basedonthetrialthebusinessmanmadeagreatprofit.(10,26)7.Whytheauthorssaythetrialrockedtheworld?⒈HotMediaattention:Forthefirsttimeinhistorytobroadcastajurytrial,Morethan100reporterswereonhand,andevenradioannouncers.(2),and22telegraphersweresendingout165,000wordsadayonthetrial.(28)⒉Manypeoplecametosee:Forfearthattheoldcourt’sfloormightcollapseundertheweightofthethrong,thetrialwasresumedoutsideunderthemaples.(29)⒊ItsnowballedintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.Part2Detailsadoutthispassage31)MainideaJohnScopeswasayounghigh-schoolscienceteacherandfootballcoachinDayton,alittletowninTennessee,wherefundamentalismwherestrong.Hewasaccusedofbreakingtheanti-evolutionlawandwasbroughttocourt,becauseofteachinghisstudentsevolution.TherenownedcriminallawyerClarenceDarrowhelpedhimdefend,andWilliamJenningsBryanwastheleadingcounselfortheprosecution.Thousandsofpeoplecametovisit,andagroupofscientistsandprofessorshelpedtotestifyScope’sbehalf.ThetrialbeganonJuly10th,1925,andlastedfor3days.Onthefirstday,thepreliminaryfightappearstobe.Onthesecondday,theprosecutioncallingwitnessagainstScopes.DarrowandBryangoontheheateddebate.TheclimaxofthetrialisthatDarrowsucceededinpointingoutseveralseriousinconsistenciesinFundamentalistbeliefwhenDarrowwascalledasawitnessforthedefense.Onthethirdday,theverdictcameoutandscopeswasconvictedandfined100dollars.Itshowsthatthetrialwasseenasavictoryforevolution.2)Styleofthetext①Narration:Tonarrateistogivenanaccountofaneventorseriesofevents.Inotherwords,anarrativerecreatesaneventorgivesasenseofitbyhelpingtheaudiencevisualizetheevent.②Languagefeatures：Sarcasm,ridicule&ironyIronyisasubtleformofhumorwhichinvolvessayingthingsthatyoudonotmeanIfyouridiculesomeoneorridiculetheirideasorbeliefs,youmakefunoftheminanunkindwaySarcasmisusuallyintendedtomockorinsultsomeone3)RhetoricalDevices①Simile（明喻）E.g.GonewasthefiercefervourofthedayswhenBryanhadsweptthepoliticalarenalikeaprairiefire.(22)Analysis:(1)此句是一个倒装句，正确语序应为：Thefiercefervour……wasgone.(2)句中swept……likeaprairiefire为明喻，指的是布莱恩参加竞选活动时到各地巡回演讲击溃自己的对手的情景。②Metaphor(暗喻)E.g.……mycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinU.S.history.（9）Analysis:snowball原指“滚雪球”，此处引申为“像雪球一样越滚越大”，十分形象。E.g……ourtownof1.500peoplehadtakenoncircusatmosphere.Analysis:circusatmosphere把小镇上那种气氛比作像看马戏表演一样。ThenthecourtbrokeintothestormofapplausethatsurpassedthatforBryan.(25)Analysis:astormofapplause把法庭上的辩论比作风暴NowDarrowspranghistrumpcard……thedefence.(30)Analysis:sprangone’strumpcard原指在某些扑克游戏中能胜过其他花色的牌的花色主牌，此处喻为“使出绝招”。Theoratoricalstormthat……thepassingyears.(48)4Analysis:这句话把法庭上的那场辩论比喻作一股春风，它带来了思想学术自由的新气象。③Pun(双关语)Definition:Apunisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.Itisnotstrictlyafigureofspeech,butbecauseitreliedheavilyonmetaphoricalorfigurativemeaningsofwordsforitseffect,itifoftenincludedinlistsofsuchfigures.E.g.……Darwinisright---inside.(26)Analysis:此句可有两种理解：破折号前面的意思是“达尔文先生是对的，”把整个句子连起来意思就成了“达尔文先生就在店里面。”这是个有趣的文字游戏。④.Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法)E.g.……marchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcentury.(13)Analysis:（1）marchingbackwards这两个词义矛盾的词语，前者以为“大步前进”后者译为“倒退”。E.g.DudleyFieldMalonecalledmyconvictiona”victoriousdefeat.”(45)Analysis:法庭审判的结果对作者来说是“avictoriousdefeat.”，表面上是失败了，但从某种意义上看是进化论者（作者的观点）胜利了，它唤醒了盲目崇拜宗教神学的民众，有利的推动了科学思想的传播具有伟大历史意义。⑤Irony（反语）E.g.…..marchingbackwardstothegloriousa