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用作定语时，动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词,动词的-ed形式仅是动词过去分词。动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:1.Heisanattackingplayer.他是一个攻击型的运动员。(表示运动员的特征)2.Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(表示“令人….”)3.Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)4.Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?(表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置)注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:1.Ayoungmanwritingnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.→Ayoungmanwhowritesnovelscametospeaktousyesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。2.Thegirlsittingnexttomewasmycousin.→Thegirlwhowassittingnexttomewasmycousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作，如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时，则不能用-ing形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。如：昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。3.Theprofessorwhocametoourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecturetomorrow.不正确的表述：Theprofessorcomingtoourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecturetomorrow.总结：-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:1.Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。2.Hemaybeinthereadingroom,forallIknow.他说不定在阅览室里。3.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。如:1.Therewereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。2.WhoisthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher?正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。如:1.Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那准时一段可怕的经历。2.Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。3.Thereisapagemissingfromthisbook.这本书缺了一页。4)有些-ing形式已经转化成名词,常做定语用来修饰物Thescanningelectronmicrographs这些电镜扫描照片除了-ing形式能做定语外,如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系,就用它的被动式,即beingdone.beingdoing通常表示正在被做,常做后置定语。如:1.Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。-ing形式做定语专练1.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_____.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars.2.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket______thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover3.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents____Chineseintheschool,most_____werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom4.Thequestion______atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed5.Chinaisa_____country______tothethirdworld.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6.---Whoistheman______totheteacher?---Amodelworker_____ourschool.A.talks,visitsB.istalking;isvisitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited7.Howmanyofus________,say,ameetingthathasnothingtodowithuswillbeinterestedinthediscussion?A.attendB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended8.Theflowers_____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt答案:DADDBCBB一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词,实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“已完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：spokenEnglish(英语口语)；icedbeer(冰冻啤酒)；cookedfood(熟食);friedchips(炸土豆条);但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater(开水);fallenleaves(落叶);therisensun(升起的太阳)等。1.Thetallmanisareturnedstudent．高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2.Myparentsarebothretiredteachers．我的父母都是退休教师。(1)前置定语单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼。Losttimecanneverbefoundagain．虚度的时光,无法挽回。(2)后置定语①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。1.Everythingusedshouldbemarked．所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2.Thebooksleftareformystudents．剩下的书是给我的学生的。②动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?今晚有什么活动吗?(=Thathasbeenplannedfortonight)2.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)1)Mostoftheartists__________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited2)Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written3)TheOlympicgames,_______in776BC,didn'tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying4)Pricesofdailyfoods_______throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying5)Mr.Smith,____ofthespeech,startedtoreada____novel.A.tired,boringB.tiring,boredC.tired,boredD.tiring,boring二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter．看完信后,他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。Iwasverypleasedatthenews．听了这消息我很高兴。Hegrewmuchtiredofthework．他十分厌倦这工作。Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。1)Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay2)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating三三、、动动词词--eedd形形式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语能用作宾语补足语