计算机组成原理自学笔记范文

在当今的科学发展飞速的新时代，越来越多的高科技开始运用于我们的学习、工作和生活当中。科技，已成为我们走向高质量生活的一座桥梁，一根绳梯。ofvision.3,build,fittinginwiththeurbanmasterplaninYibincityrapidrailtransitlongtermnetwork,aswellasthevisionofYibincity,andfuturedevelopmentofrailtransitnetwork.4,Yibincity,preliminaryrailtrafficlevelsservicelevels,systemmodel,andtechnicalstandards.5,toensurethatnetworkcanbeimplemented.6,stableconditionsforplanningandsupportingofYibincitytracktrafficconstructionandformationofrailtransitindustry,provideconditionsforthestart-upanddevelopmentofrailtransitinYibincity.1.7technicalcoursetechnologyistheproject'sresearchprogramandresearchideas.Technologyreflectsthevariousstagesintheprocess,logicalrelationsbetweenvariouslevels,research,techniquesandphases.Networkplanningprocessthewholeprocesscanbedividedintofourparts,namely,backgroundresearch,networkarchitectureresearch,planningandimplementationofresearchandprogramminginterfaces.Figure1.7-1Yibincityrailtransitnetworkplanningtechnologyroadmapplanninginterfaceismainlyresponsiblefornetworkplanninginterfacewithfollow-upplanningtasks.NetworkplanningUrbanplanningsysteminatransitionalposition,onlinenetworkplanningiscompleted,willbecarriedoutassoonaspossiblethefollowingplanningprojects:1,detailedcontrolofthelandofrapidrailtransitnetworkplanning;2,thepartitioningfornetworkplanning;3,jointplanningofrailtransportandurbantransportinotherways;Detailedtechnicalcoursesseebelow.Figure1.7-2Generaltechnologyroutefigure2ndchapterCitystatusanddevelopmentplanning2.1citybasicprofile2.1.1计算机组成原理计算机分类：电子模拟计算机、电子数字计算机（电脑）数字计算机：专用计算机、通用计算机通用计算机：巨型机、大型机、中型机、小型机、微型机、单片机通用计算机：超级计算机、大型机、服务器、工作站、微型机、单片机计算机的硬件存储单元：保存一个数的16个寄存器为一个存储单元指令形式：操作码+地址码控制器的取指周期、执行周期字节：8个位字：一个以上字节，字节的整数倍，常见的有2个字节的，其长度称为字长计算机的发展：电子管、晶体管、小规模集成电路、大型集成电路、举行集成电路19世纪开始计算机软件计算机程序：系统程序、应用程序系统程序：各种服务性程序、语言程序、操作系统、数据库管理系统计算机程序：目的程序、汇编程序、源程序源程序翻译系统：编译系统、解释系统操作系统：批处理、分时、网络、实时计算机系统多级：微程序设计级、一般机器、操作系统级、汇编语言级、高级语言级运算方法和运算器数据表示：定点格式、浮点格式浮点数=阶符+阶码+数符+尾数整数转二进制除2，小数转二进制乘2十进制数串：字符串形式、压缩十进制数串形式在当今的科学发展飞速的新时代，越来越多的高科技开始运用于我们的学习、工作和生活当中。科技，已成为我们走向高质量生活的一座桥梁，一根绳梯。ofvision.3,build,fittinginwiththeurbanmasterplaninYibincityrapidrailtransitlongtermnetwork,aswellasthevisionofYibincity,andfuturedevelopmentofrailtransitnetwork.4,Yibincity,preliminaryrailtrafficlevelsservicelevels,systemmodel,andtechnicalstandards.5,toensurethatnetworkcanbeimplemented.6,stableconditionsforplanningandsupportingofYibincitytracktrafficconstructionandformationofrailtransitindustry,provideconditionsforthestart-upanddevelopmentofrailtransitinYibincity.1.7technicalcoursetechnologyistheproject'sresearchprogramandresearchideas.Technologyreflectsthevariousstagesintheprocess,logicalrelationsbetweenvariouslevels,research,techniquesandphases.Networkplanningprocessthewholeprocesscanbedividedintofourparts,namely,backgroundresearch,networkarchitectureresearch,planningandimplementationofresearchandprogramminginterfaces.Figure1.7-1Yibincityrailtransitnetworkplanningtechnologyroadmapplanninginterfaceismainlyresponsiblefornetworkplanninginterfacewithfollow-upplanningtasks.NetworkplanningUrbanplanningsysteminatransitionalposition,onlinenetworkplanningiscompleted,willbecarriedoutassoonaspossiblethefollowingplanningprojects:1,detailedcontrolofthelandofrapidrailtransitnetworkplanning;2,thepartitioningfornetworkplanning;3,jointplanningofrailtransportandurbantransportinotherways;Detailedtechnicalcoursesseebelow.Figure1.7-2Generaltechnologyroutefigure2ndchapterCitystatusanddevelopmentplanning2.1citybasicprofile2.1.1另外还可以自定义数据：标识符数据表示、描述符数据表示标识符数据=标识符+数据描述符数据=描述符标识+特征标记+数据块长度+数据块起始地址机器码：原码、补码、反码、移码原码有+0和-0之分，即0000和10000的补码只有一种形式反码也有+0和-0之分，即0000和1111n2－补反ｘ＝ｘ＋移码的符号位与前三种相反，0表示负，1表示正主要采用补码，移码主要用来表示阶码ASII码由七位加一位偶校验码组成汉字的编码：1、汉字输入编码：数字编码、拼音编码、字形编码2、汉字内部处理：内码3、汉字输出：字模码从[ｙ]补求[－ｙ]补的法则是：对[ｙ]补包括符号位“求反且最末位加1”,即可得到[－ｙ]补上溢与下溢，同号的相加才可能溢出采用双符法表示溢出：01、10均为溢出行波进位加减器流水式阵列乘法器为并行乘法器原码乘法有两种：直接原码乘法，带求补的间接原码乘法器间接原码乘法，符号求补的阵列乘法器：当输入都是不带符号时，输入输出都不需要求补，而当输入是带符号时，输入两数求补，乘积结果求补再输出在当今的科学发展飞速的新时代，越来越多的高科技开始运用于我们的学习、工作和生活当中。科技，已成为我们走向高质量生活的一座桥梁，一根绳梯。ofvision.3,build,fittinginwiththeurbanmasterplaninYibincityrapidrailtransitlongtermnetwork,aswellasthevisionofYibincity,andfuturedevelopmentofrailtransitnetwork.4,Yibincity,preliminaryrailtrafficlevelsservicelevels,systemmodel,andtechnicalstandards.5,toensurethatnetworkcanbeimplemented.6,stableconditionsforplanningandsupportingofYibincitytracktrafficconstructionandformationofrailtransitindustry,provideconditionsforthestart-upanddevelopmentofrailtransitinYibincity.1.7technicalcoursetechnologyistheproject'sresearchprogramandresearchideas.Technologyreflectsthevariousstagesintheprocess,logicalrelationsbetweenvariouslevels,research,techniquesandphases.Networkplanningprocessthewholeprocesscanbedividedintofourparts,namely,backgroundresearch,networkarchitectureresearch,planningandimplementationofresearchandprogramminginterfaces.Figure1.7-1Yibincityrailtransitnetworkplanningtechnologyroadmapplanninginterfaceismainlyresponsiblefornetworkplanninginterfacewithfollow-upplanningtasks.NetworkplanningUrbanplanningsysteminatrans