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11类翻译主题词汇一、中国历史四大文明古国oneofthefourancientcivilizations人类文明史thehistoryofhumancivilization源远流长/历史悠久tohavealonghistory;withalonghistory朝代dynasty古都ancientcapital随着时间的推移astimegoesby远古时代ancienttimes原始社会primitivesociety春秋时代theSpringandAutumnPeriod战国theWarringStates封建社会feudalsociety皇帝、君主emperor,monarch历史遗留问题aquestionleftoverfromhistory/thepast在战争中损毁toberuinedinwars抵抗侵略toresisttheinvasion五四运动theMay4thMovementof1919在......世纪初atthebeginningof...century迄今为止uptillnow追溯到todate/tracebackto来源于toderive/stemfrom;tooriginatefrom/in发源地birthplace兴起于......,兴盛于......toemergein...andprosperin...保存最完好的best-preserved原址originalsite国家博物馆nationalmuseum皇帝统治时期aperiodofemperorreign诸侯国kingdom勤政爱民tobediligentandloveone’speople退位togiveupthethrone帝王宫殿imperialpalace以......命名tobenamedafter历史人物historyfigure阳历solarcalendar阴历lunarcalendar天干heavenlystem地支earthlybranch闰年leapyear二、中国文化概述重要文化遗产majorculturalheritage优秀民间艺术outstandingfolkarts文化产业cultureindustry文化底蕴culturaldeposit文化事业culturalundertaking文化交流culturalexchange文化冲击culturalshock文化差异culturaldifference独特的艺术价值uniqueartisticvalues诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神patriotism国宝nationaltreasure文物culturalrelics华夏祖先theChineseancestors中华民族theChinesenation传统美德traditionalvirtues文人menofletter雅士refinedscholar才子佳人giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies高雅艺术refined/highart中外学者Chineseandoverseasscholars古为今用tomakethepastservethepresent洋为中用tomaketheforeignserveChina无愧于时代的作品worksworthyofthetimes文明摇篮cradleofcivilization古文明ancientcivilization博大精深tobeextensiveandprofound享有......的声誉toenjoyagood/highreputationfor被誉为......tobehonored/crownedas占重要地位toplayasignificantrole;tohave/occupyasignificantplace肩负......的责任toshouldertheresponsibilityof......与......密不可分tobecloselyassociatedwith......最广中国文化topromoteChineseculture促进世界和平topromotewouldpeace增进友谊toenhancefriendship文化娱乐活动culturalandamusementactivities民族特性和价值观nationalidentityandvalue在各地差异很大tovarywidelyfromregion/placetoregion/place促进文化的传播topromotethespreadofculture促进交流topromoteexchanges蓬勃发展toflourish丰富多彩toberichandcolorful风俗习惯custom禁忌taboo尊敬老人torespecttheelderly赡养老人tosupport/takecareofparents继承toinherit后人latergeneration强身健体toimprovethephysicalhealth;tostrengthenthebody益寿延年toprolonglife保佑平安tokeepsb.Safe象征意义symbolicmeaning象征好运和祝福tosymbolizegoodluckandblessings审美观/品味tasteforbeauty;aesthetictaste三、中国传统文化中医药traditionalChinesemedicine中草药herbalmedicine望、闻、问、切observing,listening,inquiring,pulsetaking症状symptom重大发明asignificantinvention中国古代四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina火药gunpowder印刷术paper-making指南针thecompass文房四宝theFourTreasuresoftheStudy笔、墨、纸、砚brush,inkstick,inkstone汉字Chinesecharacter笔划stroke普通话四声调thefourtonesofMandarinChinese书法calligraphy中国画traditionalChinesepainting水墨画Chinesebrushpainting;inkwashpainting武术martialarts中国功夫KungFu太极TaiChia孔子Confucius孟子Mencius思想学派schoolofthought思想核心thecoreofideology代表人物representative儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucianculture和尚、僧人monk寺庙temple伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosque宗教religion建筑architecture钟楼belltower牌坊memorialarchway兵马俑TerracottaWarriorsandHorses丝绸之路theSilkRoad故宫theImperialPalace天坛theTempleofHeaven民间故事folktale寓言fable传说legend凡间humanworld京剧PekingOpera脸谱mask正面角色positiverole木偶戏puppetshow皮影戏shadowplay杂技acrobatics相声cross-talk说、学、逗、唱speaking,imitating,teasingandsinging说书story-telling传统工艺品traditionalhandicraft形状不一tobeofdifferentshapes材质各异variousmaterial质地坚硬hardtexture造型生动vividfigure色彩丰富richcolors风格独特characteristic/uniquestyle刺绣embroidery泥人clayfigure瓷器porcelain；china陶器pottery;earthenware青铜器bronzeware雕刻tocarve图章seal四、中国传统节日春节theSpringFestival/ChineseNewYear除夕ChineseNewYear’sEve年夜饭annualreuniondinner拜年topayanewyearcall探亲访友to(paya)visittorelativeandfriends亲朋好友relativesandfriends大扫除tothoroughlycleanthehouse驱厄运tosweepawayillfortune;togetridofbadluck去除灾难towardoffevils发红包togivemoneyinredenvelopes;tohandoutredenvelopes欢度......Thecelebrationof...;tocelebrate春联springcouples庙会templefair民间艺人folkartists祭神god-worshiping炮竹，烟火firecracker;firework(s)年画(traditional)newyearpicture压岁钱newyear’sgift-money元宵节theLanternFestival清明节theTomb-sweepingDay端午节theDragonBoatFestival中秋节theMid-autumnDay/Festival重阳节theDouble-ninthDay七夕节theDouble-seventhDay舞龙dragondance花灯festivallantern灯谜lanternriddle有益的智力活动beneficialintellectualactivity中国结Chineseknot舞狮liondance赛龙舟dragonboatrace赏月toenjoythefullmoon登高hillclimbing扫墓topayrespectstothedeadatsb’stomb五、食物及烹饪方法中国菜、中餐Chinesecuisine烹饪技巧cookingtechnique煎tofry炒tostir-fry炸todeep-fry烩/闷/炖tostew蒸tosteam煮toboil烘焙tobake烤toroast切条tocuttostrips切丁todice切碎tomince磨碎togrind饮食习惯dietaryhabit特色食品specialfood元宵sweetstickyricedumplings年糕ricecake油条deep-frieddoughsticks豆浆soybeanmilk馒头steamedbun包子steamedstuffedbun拉面hand-stretchednoodles豆腐tofu;beancurd麻花frieddoughtwist皮蛋100-yearegg;centuryegg蛋炒饭friedricewithegg火锅hotpot原料ingredient猪/牛肉丸pork/beefball鸭肉duck蘑菇mushroom北京烤鸭Beijingroastduck素菜馆vegetarianrestaurant白酒Chineseliquor六、旅游交通景点touristattraction;scenicspot名胜古迹placesofinterests避暑胜地summerresort森林公园forestpark自然保护区naturereserve自然景观naturalscenery人文景观humanlandscape壮丽河山magnificentscenery古典山水园林classicallandscapegarden皇家园林royalgarden中外游客touristsfromhomeandabroad游乐园amusementpark度假totakeavacation;togoonholiday门票(entrance)