非谓语动词作定语语法讲义

1非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一．如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语：1.看横线所在的位置具体方法如下：如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。如：Themeeting________yesterdaywasveryimportant.Theuniversity,________in1902,hasahistoryofacentury.2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。如：Themeeting________yesterdaywasveryimportant.Theuniversity,________in1902,hasahistoryofacentury.二．作定语时的逻辑主语：作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。如：Themeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.三．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语：1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系2.时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如：1）Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell______.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending2）Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket__________thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover3）—Thelastone__________________paysthemeal.—Agreed!(2007全国卷I)A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving四．作定语的具体用法：1.能作定语的不定式和分词有：todo,tobedone,doing,beingdone,done（务必牢记）.注：havingdone绝对不能作定语。原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用havingdone作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。如：Theoldman,havingwaitedforthebusforhalfanhour,foundhehadlefthiswalletathome.(这句话中的havingwaited,作的不是定语，而是状语)Theoldman,whohadwaitedforthebusforhalfanhour,foundhehadlefthiswalletathome五．作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系：2todo:只表示动作还没发生，不强调和逻辑主语的主被动关系。如:Ihavealotofthingstodo.Theyearstofollowwillbeveryhard.tobedone:和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作还没发生。如：Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowwillbeveryimportant.doing(及物动词)：和逻辑主语是主动关系如：Hereceivedalettersayinghismotherwouldcometoseehimsoon.beingdone(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作正在进行如：Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作已经完成。注：Thingslostwillnevercomeagain.Wefinishedtheworkinlessthanhalfthetimeallowed.注：不及物动词的现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行；过去分词作定语：只表示动作的完成，不表被动。如：thedevelopingcountries:发展中国家thedevelopedcountries：发达国家六．不定式作定语的几种情况及注意事项a)当被修饰的名词之前有序数词或形容词最高级并且和所修饰的名词是主动关系时，要用不定式作定语。如：Heisthebestpersontodothejob.ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.b)当被修饰的名词是抽象名词时，要用不定式作定语。如：DoyouhavetheabilitytowriteinEnglish.c)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式之后必须有相应的介词。但是如果不定式所修饰的名词是time,place或way时，不定式之后的介词习惯上可以省略。如：Ineedaroomtolivein.Ineedapentowritewith.Ihadmoneyandnoplacetolive(in).d)当作定语的不定式和所修饰的名词是被动关系时，不定式既可用主动形式，也可以用被动形式，但表达的含义不同。试比较：Ihavealotofthingstodo.我有很多事情要做。（我就是todo动作的发出者）Ihavealotofthingstobedone.我有很多事情要做。(被别人做，别人是tobedone动作的发出者）七．非谓语动词作定语的一些用法比较：1.tobedone,beingdone,done作定语的区别相同点：和所修饰的名词都是被动关系不同点：在时间上.tobedone：动作未发生beingdone:动作正在进行3done：动作已完成如：ThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowwillbeveryimportantThemeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportantThemeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.2.havesomethingtodo和havesomethingtobedone的区别havesomethingtodo：主语有事自己做havesomethingtobedone：主语有事让别人做如：Ihavealotofthingstodo.我有很多事情要做。（我就是todo动作的发出者）Ihavealotofthingstobedone.我有很多事情要做。(被别人做，别人是tobedone动作的发出者）4非谓语动词作定语高考题专练1.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_________vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid2.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_________inayear.A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed3.Therehavebeenseveralnewevents________totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.addB.toaddC.addingD.added4.Therearehundredsofvisitors_______infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait5.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents________Chineseintheschool,most________werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom6.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames________inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld7.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone_____.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed8.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle____toordinarypeopletheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven9.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(2007全国卷II)A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose10.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.(2007上海卷)A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted11.“Things_________nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.(2007湖南卷)A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.havelost12.Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat13.Thetrees_____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownD.toblowdown14.Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime____.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows15.Itisoneofthefunniestthings______ontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found16.Ideally___forBroadwaytheatreandFifthAvenue,theNewYorkParkhotelisafavouritewithmanyguests.A.locatingB.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocatedD.located517.Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced18.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit___onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow19.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced20.Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake21.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________in