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todo、doing和done作补语的比较一、在介词with后作宾补的非谓语动词形式1.with+宾+done，表示宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成或无时间性；2.with+宾+doing，表示宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作的持续进行；3.with+宾+todo，则表示将来的动作，宾语与不定式在逻辑上可以是主动关系也可以是被动关系，注意此时的不定式不是作宾补而是作宾语的定语了。如：1.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands______behindhisback.(全国卷)A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied【分析】答案选D。hishand与tie是被动关系，且带进时应己捆绑好了，表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作宾补。2.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海春)A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled【分析】答案选C。由语境可知，问题还没有解决，用不定式指将来的动作。3.Petersoonfellasleepwiththelightstill（burn）.【分析】彼得很快睡着了，灯仍然亮着。burning表示持续进行。二、其宾语后可用分词或不定式的4个动词在leave,want,get,have等动词的宾语后面可接doing、done或todo。现分述如下：①leave…doing让…一直(主动、持续进行)；leave…todo让…去做(主动、将来)；leave…done(被动)。如：1）Don’tleavethewater_____whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津卷)A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun【分析】答案选B。thewater与run是主动关系，又表示持续进行，用现在分词作宾补。2）Leavethedoorfirmly（fasten）让门紧闭着;3）Leaveher(do)asshelikes让她去做她喜欢做的事。KEY:fastened、todo②wantsb.doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；wantsb.todo要某人做某事；wantsth.done=wantsth.tobedone(被动)。如：1）Idon’twantyou(arrive)late.2）Iwanttheletter(open)now.3）Thebosswantedhisworkers(finish)thejobbyFriday.KEY:arriving/(tobe)opened/tofinish③getsb.todosth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get…doing使…处于某一状态中(主动、持续);get…done=havesth.done请人做/遭受(被动)。如：1)I’lltrytogether________thedoctor.(上海卷)A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.forseeing【分析】答案选C。getsb.todosth.使某人做某事。请比较：2)Theteachergotthechildrentalking.让孩子说起话来；getthecomputerrepaired将电脑送去修理；gethiswristbroken折断了手腕。④havesth.done=getsth.done请人做某事;havesb/sth.doingsth.使某人/某物一直做某事或者处于某种状态；havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(见使役动词)；havesth.todo有事要做(见非谓语动词作定语部分)。如：1.Shehadheraudiencelisteningattentively.他使观众听得入神。2.Hedidn’tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch________.(上海卷)A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.repair【分析】答案选B。hiswatch与repair是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。三、可用分词但不用todo作补语的5个动词keep,find等后可用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)作补语，一般不用todo。在catch(撞见),smell(闻到),start(使)等后通常只接现在分词作补语，不用不定式或过去分词。如：1.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire________allnight.(全国卷)A.toburnB.burntC.burningD.burned【分析】答案选C。keep…doing让…一直保持某种状态：让那盆火整夜燃着。2.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen.(全国卷)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked【分析】答案选B。find后一般不能用todo作补语。he与smoke是主动的，用ing形式作主语补语。3.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.(安徽卷)A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting【分析】答案选D。后通常只接现在分词作补语，catchsb.doingsth.撞见某人在做某事。4.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught________andletheroff.(全国卷)A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing【分析】答案选D。caughtstealing=whowascaughtstealing，本句相当于：Thesalesmancaughtthegirlstealing.Hescoldedherandthenletheroff.四、可用tobe或tohavedone作补语的9个动词在表示“认为”的think,consider,believe,suppose,prove,find,understand,judge,imagine等动词后，可跟tobe作补语(认为…是…)，一般不跟todo；但在think,consider,believe等之后可跟tohavedone作补语(认为…做了…)。如：CharlesBabageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.(全国卷)A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented【分析】答案选A。本题是considersb.tohavedone的被动式。makeoneself后常用understood等过去分词作宾补makeoneselfunderstood/heard/seen/known让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。如：1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself________.(全国卷)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard【分析】答案选D。makehimselfheard让他讲的话被别人听到。2.Helenhadtoshout________abovethesoundofthemusic.(广西卷)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard【分析】答案选D。使自己讲的话被别有听到，用makeoneselfheard，排除A和B；作目的状语用不定式，排除C。在besaid/reported等后用不定式在besaid,bereported,bebelieved,besupposed,bethought等后面，以及要求接不定式。1.Hewasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecord.据报道他打破了世界纪录。(=Itisreportedthathehasbrokentheworldrecord.)2.Thefluisbelieved________byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(上海卷)A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused【分析】答案选C。bebelieved后要接动词不定式，排除A和B；又因为theflu与cause是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动式。Thefluisbelievedtobecaused…=Itisbelieved/Peoplebelievethatthefluiscaused…人们认为…3.Robertissaid________abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(全国卷)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying【分析】答案选A。由studied可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(issaid)之前，所以要用完成式。Robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad…=ItissaidthatRobertstudiedabroad…据说……